Prospective memory in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Real world relevance and correlations with cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes

Nurdal, Volkan; Wearn, Alfie; Knight, Michael; Kauppinen, Risto A.; Coulthard, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102226

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Note, however, that there were no differences in percentage of the samples with high levels of SCD. Nevertheless, our findings are consistent with reports of no differences between individuals with high and low levels of SCD on other episodic PM tasks (Hsu et al, 2015; McAlister & Schmitter-Edgecombe, 2016; Nurdal et al, 2020; Rabin et al, 2014). These inconsistent findings suggest that impaired naturalistic episodic PM cannot be presumed in SCD, and when present it is rather subtle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Both Rabin et al (2014) and Hsu et al (2015) also reported differences between participants with and without SCD on naturalistic single-trial PM tasks, but both these groups also reported naturalistic single-trial PM tasks in which there were no differences based on SCD, demonstrating some inconsistencies in reported findings. Additionally, Nurdal et al (2020) recently reported no differences between cohorts of participants with and without SCD across three office-based naturalistic single-trial PM tasks. Furthermore, McAlister and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2016) also reported no difference between participants with and without SCD on a PM task, although note that they used a 10-trial, rather than single-trial naturalistic task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Rabin et al (2014) and Hsu et al (2015) also reported differences between participants with and without SCD on naturalistic single-trial PM tasks, but both these groups also reported naturalistic single-trial PM tasks in which there were no differences based on SCD, demonstrating some inconsistencies in reported findings. Additionally, Nurdal et al (2020) Another possible reason for the variability in findings for single trial incidental PM tasks in SCD may relate to the nature of the task and its cognitive demands. The studies to date have focused on episodic PM tasks, referring to a one-off or irregular action, but many everyday PM tasks are habitual, involving performance of a routine or regular task, such as measuring blood glucose levels, or taking medication at the same time each day (Kinsella et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The influence of subjective cognitive decline on prospective memory over 5 years.

2021

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Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an important area of research within older populations, for whom prospective memory (PM) functions as a crucial part of daily life. Little is known about change in PM, following reports of SCD. This study examines longitudinal naturalistic PM in older adults with high and low levels of SCD. Method: Ninety-nine community-dwelling older adults were revisited after 5 to 6 years, to examine the role of baseline SCD (measured as reported memory decline from young adulthood) on episodic and habitual PM change. Episodic PM was measured by the message task and habitual PM by a time-stamped button-pressing task across 2 weeks. Results: SCD status was not associated with episodic PM, with performance declining over time across both groups, 2 ϭ .03, 95% CI [.11, .61]. Conversely, for habitual PM, there was a significant Group ϫ Time interaction, 2 ϭ .07, 95% CI [Ϫ.95, Ϫ.06], with people reporting high SCD demonstrating better baseline performance and declining over time, whereas low SCD remained stable. Conclusions: Older adults with SCD demonstrated greater decline in habitual PM, suggesting these tasks may be more sensitive to the effects of SCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both Rabin et al (2014) and Hsu et al (2015) also reported differences between participants with and without SCD on naturalistic single-trial PM tasks, but both these groups also reported naturalistic single-trial PM tasks in which there were no differences based on SCD, demonstrating some inconsistencies in reported findings. Additionally, Nurdal et al (2020) Another possible reason for the variability in findings for single trial incidental PM tasks in SCD may relate to the nature of the task and its cognitive demands. The studies to date have focused on episodic PM tasks, referring to a one-off or irregular action, but many everyday PM tasks are habitual, involving performance of a routine or regular task, such as measuring blood glucose levels, or taking medication at the same time each day (Kinsella et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The influence of subjective cognitive decline on prospective memory over 5 years.

2021

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“…The volumetric imaging protocol included a 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE (acquired resolution 0.86 mm isotropic) and two 2D T2-weighted highresolution hippocampal turbo spin-echo sequences (multi-contrast and single-contrast) (reconstructed resolution 0.34 × 0.34 × 1.5 mm). Full imaging details are as described by Nurdal et al [28].…”

Section: Imaging Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated long-term forgetting in healthy older adults predicts cognitive decline over 1 year

et al. 2020

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Background Here, we address a pivotal factor in Alzheimer’s prevention—identifying those at risk early, when dementia can still be avoided. Recent research highlights an accelerated forgetting phenotype as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. We hypothesized that delayed recall over 4 weeks would predict cognitive decline over 1 year better than 30-min delayed recall, the current gold standard for detecting episodic memory problems which could be an early clinical manifestation of incipient Alzheimer’s disease. We also expected hippocampal subfield volumes to improve predictive accuracy. Methods Forty-six cognitively healthy older people (mean age 70.7 ± 7.97, 21/46 female), recruited from databases such as Join Dementia Research, or a local database of volunteers, performed 3 memory tasks on which delayed recall was tested after 30 min and 4 weeks, as well as Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) and CANTAB Paired Associates Learning. Medial temporal lobe subregion volumes were automatically measured using high-resolution 3T MRI. The ACE-III was repeated after 12 months to assess the change in cognitive ability. We used univariate linear regressions and ROC curves to assess the ability of tests of delayed recall to predict cognitive decline on ACE-III over the 12 months. Results Fifteen of the 46 participants declined over the year (≥ 3 points lost on ACE-III). Four-week verbal memory predicted cognitive decline in healthy older people better than clinical gold standard memory tests and hippocampal MRI. The best single-test predictor of cognitive decline was the 4-week delayed recall on the world list (R2 = .123, p = .018, β = .418). Combined with hippocampal subfield volumetry, 4-week verbal recall identifies those at risk of cognitive decline with 93% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC = .918, p < .0001). Conclusions We show that a test of accelerated long-term forgetting over 4 weeks can predict cognitive decline in healthy older people where traditional tests of delayed recall cannot. Accelerated long-term forgetting is a sensitive, easy-to-test predictor of cognitive decline in healthy older people. Used alone or with hippocampal MRI, accelerated forgetting probes functionally relevant Alzheimer’s-related change. Accelerated forgetting will identify early-stage impairment, helping to target more invasive and expensive molecular biomarker testing.

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“…To the extent that prospective memory declines in these clinical groups, so does the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (Nurdal, Wearn, Knight, Kauppinen, & Coulthard, 2020; Schmitter-Edgecombe, Woo, & Greeley, 2009). Such activities include remembering to take medications, shopping independently, managing financial matters, and related tasks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserving prospective memory in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mnemonic strategy, cognitive training, external memory aid, and combination interventions.

Jones¹,

Benge²,

Scullin³

2021

Neuropsychology

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To preserve or improve independent functioning in older adults and those with neurocognitive impairments, researchers and clinicians need to address prospective memory deficits. To be effective, prospective memory interventions must restore (or circumvent) the underlying attention and memory mechanisms that are impaired by aging, brain injury, and neurodegeneration. We evaluated two decades of prospective memory interventions for efficacy, time/resource costs, and ecological validity. Method: We systematically reviewed 73 prospective memory intervention studies of middle-to older-aged healthy adults and clinical groups (N ϭ 3,749). We also rated the ecological validity of each study's prospective memory assessment/task using a newly developed scale. When possible (72% of studies), we estimated effect sizes using random-effects models and Hedges' g. Results: We identified four categories of prospective memory interventions, including mnemonic strategy, cognitive training, external memory aid, and combination interventions. Mnemonic strategy (g ϭ .450) and cognitive training (g ϭ .538) interventions demonstrated efficacy. Combination interventions showed mixed results (g ϭ .254), underscoring that "more is not always better." External memory aids demonstrated very positive outcomes (g ϭ .805), though often with small-sample, case-series designs. Prospective memory assessments had high ecological validity in external memory aid studies (84%), but not in mnemonic strategy (14%), cognitive training (20%), or combination intervention (50%) studies, p Ͻ .001, p 2 ϭ .33. Conclusions: Everyday prospective memory can be meaningfully improved, perhaps particularly with external memory aids, but larger trials are required to optimize treatments, increase adherence, and broaden implementation in daily life.

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Prospective memory in prodromal Alzheimer's disease: Real world relevance and correlations with cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

The influence of subjective cognitive decline on prospective memory over 5 years.

The influence of subjective cognitive decline on prospective memory over 5 years.

Accelerated long-term forgetting in healthy older adults predicts cognitive decline over 1 year

Preserving prospective memory in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mnemonic strategy, cognitive training, external memory aid, and combination interventions.

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