Prospective memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying retrospective-memory load

Abstract

The present study investigated event-based prospective memory in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23). The retrospective-memory load was varied to disentangle the relative contributions of the retrospective and prospective components on prospective-memory functioning. A generalized prospective-memory deficit in schizophrenia emerged, with significant impairment evident even when retrospective-memory demands were minimal. Exploratory analyses suggest that both the retrospective and the prospective components contribute to the prospective-memory deficit in schizophrenia.

Salient cues improve prospective remembering in Korsakoff's syndrome

“…All five categories were explained to participants, and examples for each category were given. Categorization tasks put minimal demands on executive functions and are generally considered to be rather easy and to require few cognitive resources which makes them ideal for severely impaired populations or comparisons of groups with varying cognitive ability levels (e.g., individuals with schizophrenia, Altgassen et al, 2008;lifespan sample, Z€ ollig et al, 2007). Participants were first introduced to the ongoing task and then completed a practice block which was repeated until participants correctly responded to all practice trials.…”

“…For the ongoing task, a computerized picture-based categorization task was used (see Altgassen, Kliegel, Rendell, Henry, & Zollig, 2008; for a similiar task). Each trial presented two black and white line drawings.…”

Prospective memory predicts medication management ability and correlates with non-adherence to medications in individuals with clinically stable schizophrenia

“…Deficits in PM have been suggested to contribute to the highly disorganized lifestyle in people with schizophrenia (Altgassen et al, 2008), such as forgetting to turn up for medical appointments or take medications (Shum et al, 2004;Twamley et al, 2008). However, there is little empirical evidence to support that laboratory PM performance correlates with real-life functioning in patients with schizophrenia.…”

“…Contrary to traditional models of memory function such as retrospective memory, which is concerned with the ability to remember things in the past, PM is thought to be more closely related to clinical problems such as forgetting to attend an appointment or take medications (Shum et al, 2004;Altgassen et al, 2008;Twamley et al, 2008). According to Ellis (1996), PM involves (1) the formation of an intention that is paired with a specific retrieval cue; (2) the maintenance of the intention-cue pairing over a delayed interval while concurrently engaged in a foreground task; (3) self-initiated cue detection and recognition, with retrieval of the intention; and (4) execution of the intended task.…”

Prospective memory in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Exploring effects of implementation intentions and retrospective memory load

“…Overall, there are only few studies that directly assessed the impact of retrospective memory load on PM in various populations (Altgassen, Kliegel, Rendell, Henry, & Zö llig, 2008;Foster et al, 2013;Mioni et al, 2013) and only one in ASD. Henry and colleagues (2014) also applied Virtual Week to investigate PM in children with ASD.…”