Prospective Respiration Detection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by a Non-Interfering Noise Navigator

Navest, R.; Andreychenko, Anna; Lagendijk, J J W; Berg, Cornelis A.T. van den

doi:10.1109/tmi.2018.2808699

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, it is compatible with any MR image contrast and most readout strategies. For details on the incorporation of the noise navigator in an imaging sequence, the reader is referred to . In summary, the thermal noise variance is calculated over the proton‐free area per readout line, after spatially disentangling the MR signal and noise by a 1D Fourier transform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the physical relations governing the noise navigator

Navest

Mandija

Andreychenko

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose The noise navigator is a passive way to detect physiological motion occurring in a patient through thermal noise modulations measured by standard clinical radiofrequency receive coils. The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of the potential and applications of physiologically induced thermal noise modulations. Methods Numerical electromagnetic simulations and MR measurements were performed to investigate the relative contribution of tissue displacement versus modulation of the dielectric lung properties over the respiratory cycle, the impact of coil diameter and position with respect to the body. Furthermore, the spatial motion sensitivity of specific noise covariance matrix elements of a receive array was investigated. Results The influence of dielectric lung property variations on the noise variance is negligible compared to tissue displacement. Coil size affected the thermal noise variance modulation, but the location of the coil with respect to the body had a larger impact. The modulation depth of a 15 cm diameter stationary coil approximately 3 cm away from the chest (i.e. radiotherapy setup) was 39.7% compared to 4.2% for a coil of the same size on the chest, moving along with respiratory motion. A combination of particular noise covariance matrix elements creates a specific spatial sensitivity for motion. Conclusions The insight gained on the physical relations governing the noise navigator will allow for optimized use and development of new applications. An optimized combination of elements from the noise covariance matrix offer new ways of performing, e.g. motion tracking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The noise navigator is a passive way to detect physiological motion occurring in a patient utilizing standard clinical radio frequency (RF) receive coils . As the name suggests, the noise navigator is based on thermal noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the physical relations governing the noise navigator

Navest

Mandija

Andreychenko

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…To overcome the problem of interrupting the MR data acquisition, methods have been proposed that use external navigators, such as thermal noise variances, 16,17 respiratory bellows, 18 or the pilot tone (PT). 19,20 So far, these techniques have only been used qualitatively for gating, but not quantitatively for prospective motion correction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot tone–based motion correction for prospective respiratory compensated cardiac cine MRI

Ludwig

Speier

Seifert

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To evaluate prospective motion correction using the pilot tone (PT) as a quantitative respiratory motion signal with high temporal resolution for cardiac cine images during free breathing. Methods Before cine data acquisition, a short prescan was performed, calibrating the PT to the respiratory‐induced heart motion using respiratory‐resolved real‐time images. The calibrated PT was then applied for nearly real‐time prospective motion correction of cine MRI through slice tracking (ie, updating the slice position before every readout). Additionally, in‐plane motion correction was performed retrospectively also based on the calibrated PT data. The proposed method was evaluated in a moving phantom and 10 healthy volunteers. Results The PT showed very good correlation to the phantom motion. In volunteer studies using a long‐term scan over 7.96 ± 1.40 min, the mean absolute error between registered and predicted motion from the PT was 1.44 ± 0.46 mm in head‐feet and 0.46 ± 0.07 mm in anterior‐posterior direction. Irregular breathing could also be corrected well with the PT. The PT motion correction leads to a significant improvement of contrast‐to‐noise ratio by 68% (P ≤ .01) between blood pool and myocardium and sharpness of endocardium by 24% (P = .04) in comparison to uncorrected data. The image score, which refers to the cine image quality, has improved with the utilization of the proposed PT motion correction. Conclusion The proposed approach provides respiratory motion‐corrected cine images of the heart with improved image quality and a high scan efficiency using the PT. The PT is independent of the MR acquisition, making this a very flexible motion‐correction approach.

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“…Recently a novel self-navigation approach for respiratory motion detection was proposed, i.e. the noise navigator (Andreychenko et al 2017, Navest et al 2018. The noise navigator is based on the respiratory-induced modulation of the thermal noise variance measured by the receive coils during MRI acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The noise navigator: a surrogate for respiratory-correlated 4D-MRI for motion characterization in radiotherapy

et al. 2020

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Respiratory-correlated 4D-MRI can characterize respiratory-induced motion of tumors and organs-at-risk for radiotherapy treatment planning and is a necessity for image guidance of moving tumors treated on an MRI-linac. Essential for 4D-MRI generation is a robust respiratory surrogate signal. We investigated the feasibility of the noise navigator as respiratory surrogate signal for 4D-MRI generation. The noise navigator is based on the respiratory-induced modulation of the thermal noise variance measured by the receive coils during MR acquisition and thus is inherently present and synchronized with MRI data acquisition. Additionally, the noise navigator can be combined with any rectilinear readout strategy (e.g. radial and cartesian) and is independent of MR image contrast and imaging orientation. For radiotherapy applications, the noise navigator provides a robust respiratory signal for patients scanned with an elevated coil setup. This is particularly attractive for widely used cartesian sequences where currently a non-interfering self-navigation means is lacking for MRI-based simulation and MRI-guided radiotherapy. The feasibility of 4D-MRI generation with the noise navigator as respiratory surrogate signal was demonstrated for both cartesian and radial readout strategies in radiotherapy setup on four healthy volunteers and two radiotherapy patients on a dedicated 1.5 T MRI scanner and two radiotherapy patients on a 1.5 T MRI-linac system. Moreover, the respiratory-correlated 4D-MR images showed liver motion comparable to a reference 2D cine MRI series for the volunteers. For 2D cartesian cine MRI acquisitions, both the noise navigator and respiratory bellows were benchmarked against an image navigator. Respiratory phase detection based on the noise navigator agreed 1.4 times better with the image navigator than the respiratory bellows did. For a 3D Stack-of-Stars acquisitions, the noise navigator was compared to radial self-navigation and a 1.7 times higher respiratory phase detection agreement was observed than for the respiratory bellows compared to radial self-navigation.

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Prospective Respiration Detection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by a Non-Interfering Noise Navigator

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Understanding the physical relations governing the noise navigator

Understanding the physical relations governing the noise navigator

Pilot tone–based motion correction for prospective respiratory compensated cardiac cine MRI

The noise navigator: a surrogate for respiratory-correlated 4D-MRI for motion characterization in radiotherapy

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