Prospective study investigating transplacental transmission of equine piroplasmosis in thoroughbred foals in Trinidad

Sant, Candice; d’Abadie, Roger; Pargass, Indira; Basu, Asoke; Asgarali, Zinora; Charles, Roxanne A.; Georges, Karla

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.008

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, recent evidence shows that other genera such as Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, and Ambloyomma are capable of biologically transmitting the EP parasites under both natural and experimental conditions [20]. Trans-placental transmission from pregnant mares to fetus has been reported [28,29,30], in most cases leading to abortion [30]. Recently, evidence of trans-placental transmission was reported in mules and was particularly associated more with T. equi raising concern about the importance of this pathogen in breeding of mules [31].…”

Section: Transmission Of Equine Piroplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Onyiche

Suganuma

Igarashi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

109

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Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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Section: Transmission Of Equine Piroplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Onyiche

Suganuma

Igarashi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

109

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“…A study in Trinidad surveyed 111 pregnant mares of which 27 tested positive for T. equi by PCR. Although it also described 19.8% abortions and four T. equi-positive healthy foals, the cause of abortions was not tested, nor was the percentage of abortions in the T. equi positive mares [19,20]. In South Africa, which is an endemic region, T. equi was reported as the cause of 11% of equine abortions [9] and demonstrated that intrauterine transmission occurs as early as the second trimester and may result in the birth of subclinically infected foals [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental Transmission of Theileria equi Is Not a Common Cause of Abortions and Infection of Foals in Israel

Tirosh-Levy

Gottlieb

Mimoun

et al. 2020

Animals

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Although the main route of transmission of Theileria equi is through tick feeding, transplacental transmission is also possible and may lead to abortion, or to the birth of a sick or carrier foal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of T. equi as a cause of abortions in Israel and the risk of foals being infected at a young age. Eight aborting mares were serologically evaluated for exposure to T. equi via the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and their aborted fetuses were evaluated using PCR and qPCR. In addition, five mares and their foals (aged 4–6 months) from a highly endemic farm were tested for T. equi infection using IFAT, PCR and qPCR. Five of the eight aborting mares were seropositive for T. equi; however, none of the aborted fetuses was infected. All five mares from the endemic farm were subclinically infected with T. equi. Of their five foals, one was infected, with relatively high parasitemia and different parasite genotype than its dam’s, suggesting another source of infection. The results of this study suggest that transplacental transmission of T. equi is not common and does not appear to be a prominent cause of abortion in chronically infected mares.

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“…Zootec., v.71, n.2, p.369-373, 2019 These piroplasms are usually transmitted by tick vectors but iatrogenic transmission may also occur (Wise et al, 2013). There are some published reports of transplacental T. equi or B. caballi transmission (Phipps and Otter, 2004;Allsopp et al, 2007;Georges et al, 2011;Roncati et al, 2011;Chhabra et al, 2012;Sudan et al, 2015;Sant et al, 2016;Sousa et al, 2017), a few of them associated with abortion (Sudan et al, 2015;Sousa et al, 2017). We report a case of transplacental T. equi fetal infection and abortion in an otherwise asymptomatic mare from the State of Espírito Santo (ES), southeastern Brazil.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The abortion occurred during the tenth month of gestation. Late-term abortions are uncommon in cases of T. equi infection (Sant et al, 2016). Sant et al (2016) reported an abortion rate of 2.7% in mares naturally infected with T. equi in Trinidad with abortions usually occurring during the fourth month of gestation.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Late-term abortions are uncommon in cases of T. equi infection (Sant et al, 2016). Sant et al (2016) reported an abortion rate of 2.7% in mares naturally infected with T. equi in Trinidad with abortions usually occurring during the fourth month of gestation. Sousa et al (2017) describes natural abortion associated with T. equi with pathological findings in aborted fetuses that are typical of equine piroplasmosis, including severe jaundice.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil: case report

Oliveira

Pinheiro

Souza

et al. 2019

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoan parasites Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. We report a case of abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil. An apparently healthy mare aborted at the tenth month of gestation. At necropsy, the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and visible mucosae of the aborted fetus were pale, and there was moderate hydrothorax and marked splenomegaly. Microscopic findings included splenic lymphoid hyperplasia and nephrosis. Merozoite-infected erythrocytes were found within blood vessels of all organs examined and were most numerous in the brain. DNA extracted from the spleen, liver, kidney, and thymus was used as a template for PCR. Generic primers were employed for the detection of piroplasm 18S ribosomal gene. All samples were positive for piroplasm DNA by PCR. Amplicons were purified and then sequenced. Sequencing analysis of these amplicons revealed 98% identity to T. equi sequences. Based on our findings, we suggest that abortion in this case resulted from transplacental Theileria infection.

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Prospective study investigating transplacental transmission of equine piroplasmosis in thoroughbred foals in Trinidad

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

Transplacental Transmission of Theileria equi Is Not a Common Cause of Abortions and Infection of Foals in Israel

Abortion in association with transplacental Theileria equi infection in a mare from the State of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil: case report

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