Purpose
To determine whether postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) is associated with an overall survival benefit in patients with completely resected Masaoka or Masaoka-Koga stage II and III thymoma.
Patients and Methods
All patients with completely resected (R0) stage II–III thymoma were identified in a large database of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG). Clinical, pathologic, treatment, and follow up information were extracted. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. A univariate analysis using log-rank test and a multivariate Cox model were created to identify factors associated with OS.
Results
In 1263 patients meeting the selection criteria 870 (69%) patients had stage II thymoma. The WHO histologic subtype was A/AB in 360 (30%) and B1/B2/B3 in 827 (70%) patients. PORT was given to 55% (n=689) of patients, 15% (n=180) received chemotherapy, and 10% (n=122) both. The 5- and 10-year OS rates for patients having undergone surgery + PORT were 95% and 86%, respectively, compared to 90% and 79% for patients with surgery alone(p = 0.002). This OS benefit remained significant when separately analyzing patients with stage II (p= 0.02) and stage III thymoma (p=0.0005). On multivariate analysis, earlier stage, younger age, absence of paraneoplastic syndrome and PORT were significantly associated with improved OS.
Conclusions
We observed an OS benefit with the use of PORT in completely resected stage II and III thymoma. In the absence of a randomized trial, this represents the most comprehensive individual patient data analysis and strong evidence in favor of PORT in this patient population.