“…More recently, PCT has been used to explore dimensions of cognitive complexity (for a review, see Kovarova & Filip, 2015). The literature applying PCT to the study of education (Gilbert, 1990; Hewitt, 2005; Middleton, 1995; Reitano & Green, 2013), including higher education (Latta & Swigger, 1992; Kozikoglu, 2017; Kreber, Castleden, Erfani, Lim, & Wright, 2003; Weingarten, 2007), is extensive, but few studies have been conducted at the doctoral level (Ilin, 2016). Similarly, PCT has been applied to the study of business (Armour, 2016; Birt & Vigar, 2002; Brook & Brook, 1989; Catania & Randall, 2015; Pattakos & Dundon, 2017) and organizational culture (Coopman, Hart, Allen, & Haas, 1997; Langan-Fox & Tan, 1997), but appropriation of the theory for the study of leadership has been limited.…”