Prospective use of amniotic mesenchymal stem cell metabolite products for tissue regeneration

Abstract

Chronic disease can cause tissue and organ damage constituting the largest obstacle to therapy which, in turn, reduces patients’ quality-adjusted life-year. Degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and infectious conditions such as hepatitis, cause physical injury to organs. Moreover, damage resulting from chronic conditions such as diabetes can also culminate in the loss of organ function. In these cases, organ transplantation constitutes the therapy of choice, despite the associated problems of immunological rejection, potential disease transmission, and high morbidity rates. Tissue regeneration has the potential to heal or replace tissues and organs damaged by age, disease, or trauma, as well as to treat disabilities. Stem cell use represents an unprecedented strategy for these therapies. However, product availability and mass production remain challenges. A novel therapeutic alternative involving amniotic mesenchymal stem cell metabolite products (AMSC-MP) has been developed using metabolites from stem cells which contain cytokines and growth factors. Its potential role in regenerative therapy has recently been explored, enabling broad pharmacological applications including various gastrointestinal, lung, bladder and renal conditions, as well as the treatment of bone wounds, regeneration and skin aging due to its low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory effects. The various kinds of growth factors present in AMSC-MP, namely bFGF, VEGF, TGF-β, EGF and KGF, have their respective functions and activities. Each growth factor is formed by different proteins resulting in molecules with various physicochemical properties and levels of stability. This knowledge will assist in the manufacture and application of AMSC-MP as a therapeutic agent.

Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 7 obtained from stable Chinese hamster ovary cells enhances wound healing

“…The signal peptide (residues 1–31) was removed and the protein was glycosylated at the Asn position (residue 45). [ 37 ] In contrast, FGF7 expressed in E. coli has a molecular weight of 18.9 kDa, which is different from FGF7 expressed in CHO, even though it is composed of the same 163 amino acids. These results show that E. coli exclusively produces a protein with a molecular weight of 18.9 kDa because it is not glycosylated, whereas CHO cells can express the same protein with various molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa through a complex glycosylation process.…”

Stem cell therapy: Advances and future directions in regenerative medicine: A review

“…Recent studies have provided evidence indicating that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess the capacity to undergo directed differentiation, leading to the development of many cell lineages, including neurons. According to the findings of Maassen and team [17], it has been shown that stem cells derived from Wharton's Jelly, a gelatinous substance present in the umbilical cord, had the capability to differentiate into fully functioning neurons when subjected to certain in vitro conditions.…”

Advanced hitchhiking nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…In the era of modern medicine, significant progress has been achieved in harnessing the inherent capabilities of cells for targeted therapeutic interventions. These advancements encompass diverse applications, such as transfusions of specific blood components (such as Ivyspring International Publisher platelets, plasma, white blood cells (WBC), or red blood cells (RBC)) [14,15], mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration [16][17][18], and immunotherapies for cancer treatment [19][20][21]. Remarkably, the circulatory cells and proteins in the bloodstream, including RBC, macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, and serum albumin (SA), serve as nature's own "delivery vehicles", has evolved to carry out delivery functions within living organisms efficiently [22][23][24][25].…”