Prospects and Potential Risks of Gray Water Reuse

Grzelak, Aldona; Fijałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara

doi:10.17512/ios.2017.1.3

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Grey sewage comprises wastewater from buildings intended for human habitation, i.e., residential areas and service areas, and results from the human metabolism and the operation of households [41]. It is determined by parameters such as suspended solids, turbidity, COD5, total nitrogen and phosphorus content, and level of bacteriological contamination, expressed in terms of total faecal coliform bacteria [42].…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grey wastewater is less prone to bacteriological contamination than black wastewater, and the source of bacteria is often secondary contamination due to the presence of microorganisms on the walls of drain pipes [42,44]. Sink and bath wastewater has lower concentrations of physicochemical pollutants but is more microbiologically contaminated compared to other types of grey wastewater.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Ober,

Karwot,

Sitinjak

2024

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One of the most important methods of optimising water consumption is grey water recycling. From a technological point of view, the treatment of grey water guarantees that it can be reused for domestic or corporate purposes, but it raises the issue of the social acceptance of the use of such water. This study aimed to assess the possibility of using grey water in households in Poland. The originality of this research study lies in the application of the PROFIT method for the separate construction of models of the benefits of grey water according to user groups. Four groups were identified, differentiated by gender and age; age and possession of an irretrievable water meter; gender and place of residence; place of residence and possession of an irretrievable water meter. To answer the formulated research questions, a diagnostic survey method was used, in which 807 randomly selected respondents from all over Poland were surveyed. The results of the survey indicate that homeowners perceive the potential use of grey water as beneficial, pointing most often to the following factors: rebuilding groundwater levels, reduced extraction of drinking water from rivers and other water bodies, and increased vegetation growth. On the other hand, they are concerned about the need to reconstruct the existing water and sewerage systems in order to produce drinking water from grey water as well as about the high cost and parameter stability of drinking water produced from grey water. Furthermore, men and older people attribute less importance to measures related to the introduction of good practices based on the reuse of recycled water in water management. Women, on the other hand, appreciate almost all opportunities to use grey water to a greater extent than men.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Ober,

Karwot,

Sitinjak

2024

Resources

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Eco-City: Model Concept for Transforming Brownfield into Modern Urban District

Karwalska¹,

Mazur-Belzyt²

2020

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Brownfields are undoubtedly a problem in many 21st century cities. Abandoned, degraded, dangerous, overgrown and degrading the image of cities, they also have many potentials and assets. In the context of contemporary urban development trends related to sustainable development and the idea of creating a compact city with a high quality of life, post-industrial areas, especially those located in city centers, are ideal areas for new investments. Polish cities still have a tendency to urban sprawl, which is why the purpose of this article is to draw attention to the transformation of brownfield areas into modern eco and healthy urban districts as a way of creating sustainable urban space. In addition, the article deals with the topic of pro-ecological solutions, including those related to adaptation to climate change. The study uses the case study method. Five significant examples of post-industrial area transformation from Germany, Spain and France were selected. During the analyzes compared masterplans, functional schemes and location of these areas, and then the basic parameters and relationships between them were distinguished in four main categories: general data, environment, land development and attractiveness assessment. The conclusions of the comparative analysis allowed for the definition of detailed guidelines for creating a model concept for land development of the brownfields located in the city structure. The chosen location is placed in Katowice in former areas of Silesia Zinc Plant. The proposed concept presents functional solutions for connecting residential, recreational, commercial office and industrial areas. It is a template solution for the process of spatial, social and economic development. The project proposes pro-ecological solutions and technologies, including: water recycling, use of solar energy, energy storage, intelligent control and monitoring systems, sustainable mobility, building development based on natural ventilation of the city, rain gardens, reducing heat islands, etc. The transformation methods based on modern pro-ecological technologies in the context of adaptation to climate change which were presented in the article may constitute guidelines for the implementation in similar cases of transforming brownfield areas into modern urban districts.

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Prospects and Potential Risks of Gray Water Reuse

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Modelling Possible Household Uses of Grey Water in Poland using Property Fitting Analysis

Eco-City: Model Concept for Transforming Brownfield into Modern Urban District

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