“…Of these children, a disproportionate number were from low-income homes and homes where a different language was spoken than at school. Other research has indicated that socioeconomic status is one of the strongest predictors of performance differences in children at the beginning of the first grade (Alexander & Entwisle, 1988), and that the gap persists as children progress from elementary to high school (Puma et al, 1997). Therefore, it is essential that quality preschool and kindergarten programs for at-risk children emphasize the development of language and literacy skills.…”