Prospects for the Development of Biological Agriculture in North Ossetia-Alania

Mamiev, Dmitriy; Agriculture, Piedmont

doi:10.35679/1991-9476-2019-14-9-1396-1402

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Единственный природный фактор, который противостоит разрушительному воздействию прогрессирующего деградационного процесса -это растительность, важная часть горной экосистемы, которая принимает на себя все стрессовые природно-климатические и антропогенные воздействия. Но, без поддержки человека горная экосистема постепенно разрушается, что ведет к глобальной катастрофе [4].…”

Section: тракторы и сельхозмашиныunclassified

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Soldatova,

Gulueva

2023

Tractors and Agricultural Machinery

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BACKGROUND: The results of RD for the laboratory prototype of the unit for grass seeds oversowing on mountain slopes, which can increase labor efficiency and mountain forage lands yield by 20-25%, are presented. AIMS: The developed laboratory prototype of a block module based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds, providing with an accelerated increase in the yield of perennial grasses and soil resistance to water and wind erosion. METHODS: Technical expertise and testing of the unit and technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania (Dargava basin, the base station of the Institute) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit were determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Technical examination of the unit was carried out according to the OST 10.2.1-97. Surface sowing of grass seeds was carried out according to GOST 31345-2017. The subject of research included the technology of grass seeds oversowing, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendular sowing machines, seeding rates and method of sowing. METHODS: The laboratory prototype of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged structure with a two-row arrangement of containers for grass seeds and with pendular sowing machines. In the design of the small-sized mountain unit, motion across the slope from top to bottom is performed with a shuttle method with rolling of the sown seeds by press wheels. The grass was oversown on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a slope angle of 1316 on the Sugsadtanrag terrain. CONCLUSIONS: The practical application of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds with their subsequent pressing in areas in highland and piedmont areas ensures detaining of degradation processes of slope areas, accelerated increase in yield, quality and quantity of perennial grasses, improves soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

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Section: тракторы и сельхозмашиныunclassified

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Soldatova,

Gulueva

2023

Tractors and Agricultural Machinery

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“…Currently, in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, the steppe zone (Mozdok district) is mainly occupied by winter ear-forming and oilseed crops, and in the forest-steppe zone, corn and partially potatoes occupy the leading position. Corn in this zone has become a monoculture, i.e., it is sown annually on agricultural land, so it is not surprising that soil fertility has been severely depleted [1]. Therefore, the leading issue in the agriculture of the foothill zone is the proper crop alternation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In agronomy, crop rotations play a primary role among agrotechnical practices. Farming standards are increasing every year [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of grassland crop rotation in piedmont zone of North Ossetia-Alania

Mamiev

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the effect of grassland crop rotation crops on the physical, agrobiological parameters of soils and on crop productivity in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Tasks of the experiment: to study the structural and aggregate composition of the soil; to determine the volume mass of the soil under crop rotation crops; to identify the general biological activity of the soil; to identify the effect of crop rotation crops on productivity. The object of the study is the crops of the grassland crop rotation. The research was carried out in the field stationary crop rotation of the NCMPARI VSC RAS in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the RNO-A. The soil of the experimental site is represented by leached chernozems on pebbles, where humus ranges from 3.4 to 4.7%. The experiments were carried out in triplicate. The area of the experimental plots is 100 m2 and registration plot is 96m2. It was found that at the beginning of the growing season, the lumpy fraction under crop rotation crops varied from 13.50% to 50.10%, and soil lumps from 0.25 to 10 mm (macrostructure) – from 49.40% to 82.60%, fraction <0.25 mm – from 1.80 to 8.0%. The index of the structural coefficient ranged from 2.22% (corn) to 2.49% (oats + clover). Studies have proven that leached chernozems contain from 45.0 to 66.5% of aggregates that resist the eroding effect of water, so these soils have a good structure. Over the years of research on oats + clover crops (on average 0–30 cm of soil layer), the soil density was 0.95 g/cm3 at the beginning of the growing season, 1.19 g /cm3 during the period of intensive growth, 1.22 g/cm3 at the end of the growing season. This tendency is evident in all crop rotation crops. In our studies, the best indicators for the collection of forage units were the grass links of the crop rotation and amounted to 15.05 t/ha. In the rowed link of the crop rotation they amounted to 13.12 t/ha. In general, the energy value of the grassland link of the crop rotation turned out to be 216.45 MJ more than the tilled one, and amounted to 255.0 MJ/ha.

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“…The annual cultivation of these crops leads to a deterioration of the agrophysical properties of soils and to their depletion. Therefore, crop rotation must be designed, and not just organized and used [1][2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrophysical properties of the soil depending on the crops of the grassland crop rotation

Mamiev

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The agrophysical condition of the soil is important for the successful development of agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to study the influence of grassland crop rotation crops on the agrophysical, biological properties of soil fertility and crop productivity in the forest-steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The research was carried out in the field stationary crop rotation of the NCMPARI VSC RAS in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the RNO-A. It was found that at the beginning of the growing season, the lumpy fraction under crop rotation crops varied from 13.34% to 49.45%, in the macrostructure – from 48.42% to 81.77%, on an aggregate 0.25 mm thick – from 1.77% to 7.99%. By the end of the growing season, the proportion of the silt fraction under winter wheat decreased from 8.01% to 1.09%. The structural coefficient ranged from 2.22% (corn) to 2.49% (oats + clover). Surveys have shown that the studied soil has a good structure, since it contains from 46.0% to 66.2% of water-bearing aggregates. On crops of oats + clover (on average 0-30 cm of soil layer), the soil density was 0.95 g/cm3 at the beginning of the growing season, 1.19 g/cm3 during the period of intensive growth, 1.22 g/cm3 at the end of the growing season. This tendency is evident in all crops of crop rotation. It should be noted that rotation grass links are more productive, where food units harvesting (14.49 t/ha) exceeds the indicators of the tilled crop link (13.4 t/ha). In general, the energy value of the grassland link of the crop rotation turned out to be 206.62 MJ more than the tilled one, and amounted to 245.08 MJ/ha.

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Prospects for the Development of Biological Agriculture in North Ossetia-Alania

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

The role of grassland crop rotation in piedmont zone of North Ossetia-Alania

Agrophysical properties of the soil depending on the crops of the grassland crop rotation

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