Prospects in anode materials for sodium ion batteries - A review

Progress of sodium battery failure research

“…1677 Wh/kg [31] , 工作温度在105~110℃之间, 不过现已 开发出室温的钠空气电池 [6] . 目前, 钠空气电池的研究 Sb、P等)、转化类材料(过渡金属氧化物/硫化物)和有 机类材料 [16] . 电解质主要分为液态和固态两大类, 细 分包括有机溶剂、水溶液、离子液体、固体聚合物和 无机固态电解质 [2,32] .…”

“…钠 离子电池的成本低、原材料储量丰富、分布广泛且钠 的化学性质与锂相似, 是锂离子电池的理想替代者, 适 于大规模储能 [34] . 但Na + 的Shannon离子半径(102 pm) 大于Li + (76 pm) [16] , 在电池循环充放电过程中, 其在电 极材料间的嵌入和脱出更为困难, 对电极材料产生较 大的应力变化, 使固体电解质界面(solid electrolyte interface, SEI)膜不断破碎与生成, 造成电池的能量密度 降低和循环稳定性变差等问题 [35] . 目前的研究大多集 中在合成高效稳定的正负极材料、优化电解质的组 成、加入电解质添加剂等以提高电池的电化学性 能 [16] .…”

“…场地, 所以材料的孔隙率、孔分布与孔体积在很大程 度上影响电池的放电容量与循环寿命 [52] . [11,16] . 对此, 可以利 用真空干燥箱干燥以去除水分子 [55] , 或者采用离子掺 杂 [56] 、聚合物包裹 [57] 等方式合理调控晶体结构以提 高钠离子电池的电化学性能.…”

One-Pot Synthesized Biomass C-Si Nanocomposites as an Anodic Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery

“…Despite the similarity in their electrochemical operation mechanisms of both LIBs and SIBs, however, the electrode materials of LIBs are incompatible with those of SIBs because of different ionic radii between the sodium ion (Na + : 0.102 nm) and the lithium ion (Li + : 0.076 nm) [ 4 ]. For instance, although crystalline graphite is adequate as a commercial LIB anode [ 5 , 6 ], the weak Na + intercalation into graphite [ 7 , 8 ] makes it inappropriate as an SIB anode [ 9 ]. Therefore, developing an excellent anode material is essential for demonstrating high-performance SIBs.…”

Cr2P2O7 as a Novel Anode Material for Sodium and Lithium Storage

“…Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising alternative for LIBs due to sodium’s higher abundance, more even distribution and lower price compared to lithium [ 5 ]. For the materials choices, the larger ionic radius of Na + versus Li + (0.102 nm versus 0.076 nm) makes it impracticable to simply adopt most of the current anodes such as graphite for LIBs, exploration of appropriate anodes for SIBs is thus still necessary [ 6 ].…”