Prospects of biodiesel feedstock as an effective ecofuel source and their challenges

Aransiola, Elizabeth Funmilayo; Ehinmitola, Emmanuel Olufemi; Adebimpe, A.I.; Shittu, Toyin; Solomon, B. O.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102728-8.00003-6

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…It is being reported that the raw material price for biodiesel production is an account of 70–90% of the total biodiesel production. 29,32 Non-edible oil crops such as such as Jatropha (2500 kg per ht per year), 33 candlenut (1600 kg per ht per year), 35 neem (2670 kg per ht per year), 40 karanja (900–9000 kg per ht per year), 41 yellow oleander (5200 kg per ht per year), 46 sea mango (1900–2500 kg per ht per year) 47 grow in plenty. These plants can grow almost anywhere with minimal cultivation efforts, even in sandy and saline soils, which are not suitable for food crops production.…”

Section: Biodiesel Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 33 The primary fatty acids in tobacco seed oil are palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. 57 Neem is a fast-growing tree with a height of 25 m. 40 Generally, the neem tree can tolerate high temperatures and grow in non-fertile and degraded soil. The tree is originated from the Indian subcontinent but becomes a very established tree in many countries around the world, including Africa, central and south America, Bangladesh, Burma, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Biodiesel Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies

et al. 2021

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Section: Biodiesel Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biodiesel Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies

et al. 2021

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“…The recovered solvent is then put back into use in the solvent extraction procedure . Several factors have been identified as influential in determining the effectiveness of solvent extraction, including the raw material particle size, solvent type, ratio of raw material to solvent, temperature, extraction time, and mixing intensity. , The oil extraction method with a solvent depends on the solute–solvent affinity. Nonpolar solvents disrupt the hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar lipids, while polar solvents break down hydrogen bonds between polar lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Oil Extraction from Cocoa Bean Shells Using Three Solvents with Solvent Reusability

Thawornprasert,

Somnuk

2024

ACS Omega

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Cocoa bean shells from chocolate processing are byproducts of the winnowing process used to remove the shells from the cocoa nibs. The cocoa bean shells have a residual oil content of 11.30 wt % and good nutritional value for animal feed. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions for oil extraction from dried cocoa bean shells using three solvents (hexane, anhydrous ethanol, and hydrous ethanol) while reusing the solvent. The mass ratio of solvent-to-dried cocoa bean shell (2.5−29.5 g/g), stirrer speed (50−550 rpm), and extraction time (0.3−13.7 min) parameters are varied to optimize the oil yield from dried cocoa bean shell using the response surface method. The optimal conditions for hexane were 26.0:1 g/g hexane-to-dried cocoa bean shell ratio, 550 rpm stirrer speed, and 5.2 min extraction time; for anhydrous ethanol, it was 29.5:1 g/g anhydrous ethanol-to-dried cocoa bean shell ratio, 330 rpm stirrer speed, and 7.1 min extraction time; and for hydrous ethanol, it was 27.4 g/g hydrous ethanol-to-dried cocoa bean shell ratio, 550 rpm stirrer speed, and 12.1 min extraction time. The results of oil yields showed that 10.80, 10.50, and 8.90 wt % cocoa bean shell oil yields from the extraction process under optimal conditions using hexane, anhydrous ethanol, and hydrous ethanol, respectively. The high yields of cocoa bean shell oil from hexane and anhydrous ethanol conditions were selected to test the extraction efficiency using reused miscella. Therefore, the extraction efficiency of dried cocoa bean shells with reused miscella using hexane and anhydrous ethanol was examined under optimal conditions to save the amount of solvent and energy. It was found that six cycles of hexane and two cycles of anhydrous ethanol were required to extract oil from cocoa bean shells, with an efficiency of over 80%. The compositions in cocoa bean shell oil from extraction consisted of 99.53% triglycerides, 0.01% free fatty acids, 0.43% diglycerides, and 0.05% monoglycerides for the hexane condition, while the compositions in cocoa bean shell oil were found to be 98.37% triglycerides, 0.53% free fatty acids, 1.02% diglycerides, and 0.08% monoglycerides after being extracted with ethanol. In addition, cocoa bean shell was oil extracted with reused miscella of hexane and anhydrous ethanol solvents to save energy and chemicals during solvent evaporation. This study recommends ethanol over hexane because it is safer for the environment. Both dried and defatted cocoa bean shells could successfully produce feed pellets by using pelletization. The process was achieved by adding 25 wt % water to defatted cocoa bean shells before forming them with a pellet machine.

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“…Areas of production range from subsistence farming to large‐scale commercial operations on all continents except Antarctica. Total worldwide peanut production is ∼45 million Tg yr –1 (APC, 2020), with an average yield of 2,600 kg ha –1 (Aransiola et al., 2019). Although peanut originated in South America (Hammons, 1982), the continent currently accounts for only 3% of global production; Asia and Africa account for 56 and 40% of global production, respectively, with the leading producers being China at 13.4 million Tg, India at 7.7 million Tg, and the United States at about 1.8 million Tg (Holbrook et al., 2014; Worldatlas, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of wild and exotic germplasm for resistance in peanut

Cason¹,

Simpson²,

Burow

et al. 2022

J of Plant Registrations

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop grown around the world but lacks genetic resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, these traits can be found in the wild and exotic germplasm to which peanut is genetically related. The genus Arachis contains 83 described species, some of which are home to a reservoir of useful traits and that have served as a source of resistance with their movement into the cultivated peanut. There are several excellent examples of using exotic and wild germplasm to successfully to incorporate biotic resistance traits into cultivated peanut. It is also possible that some of the genetic resources could someday be used to further enhance peanut in unforeseen ways. In this article we present some examples of successful introgression and how these success stories have been achieved.

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Prospects of biodiesel feedstock as an effective ecofuel source and their challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 66 publications

A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies

A review on non-edible oil as a potential feedstock for biodiesel: physicochemical properties and production technologies

Optimization of Oil Extraction from Cocoa Bean Shells Using Three Solvents with Solvent Reusability

Use of wild and exotic germplasm for resistance in peanut

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