Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review

Ogbonnaya, Chukwuma; Abeykoon, Chamil; Nasser, Adel; Turan, Ali; Ume, Cyril Sunday

doi:10.3390/en14206827

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…The increase of photovoltaic power usage in annualized EU countries can be in the future connected with the widespread of usage of mix hydrogen energy and photovoltaic energy. This system seems like environmentally sustainable and because of that can be used for grid-connected and also for non-grid application [68]. This mix can lead to creation of clean fuel transportation using hydrogen powered by solar energy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To deal with some of the drawbacks of photovoltaic energy we can integrate a photovoltaic fuel cell system with the usage of hydrogen. The purpose of this type of integration is to achieve integrated qualities that can be seen when we use hydrogen power or photovoltaic power individually [68]. The main objective of using a mix of hydrogen and photovoltaic energy is the possible increase in energy efficiencies, improvement of the reliability of the energy system, reduction in overall costs and reduction in the level of emission of greenhouse gases [69].…”

Section: Renewable Energy Sources and The Energy Policy Of The European Unionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Photovoltaic Energy in EU Countries as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels

Wolniak

Skotnicka-Zasadzień

2022

Energies

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The aim of the article is to present the development of photovoltaic energy in the EU countries as one of the alternatives to fossil fuels. The article was prepared on the basis of secondary information and statistical data on the photovoltaic energy market in EU countries, and three hypotheses were formulated: H1—There is a statistically significant correlation between a country’s long-term orientation and its use of photovoltaic energy in European Union countries; H2—There is a statistically significant correlation between GDP per capita and photovoltaic energy use in European Union countries; and H3—There is a relationship between climate and photovoltaic energy use in European Union countries. Correlation coefficients and the Guilford classification were used to analyse the data. Data analysis has shown that photovoltaic energy is the second fastest-growing energy source in the EU, after wind energy. In 2020, 134 TWh of solar energy was produced in the EU countries. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation between the production of photovoltaic energy per person and the level of GDP per capita in the EU countries (Hypothesis 2). Germany and the Netherlands produce the most solar energy. The studies did not confirm Hypothesis 3; however, it can be seen that countries such as Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands have the highest PV energy efficiency compared to average temperature values. A data analysis showed statistically significant correlations between the country’s long-term orientation in the use of photovoltaic energy (Hypothesis 1). In the case of Germany and Belgium, the long-term orientation indicator is very high above 80, while Portugal, Poland and Finland have the lowest indicator, from 30 to 40.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Renewable Energy Sources and The Energy Policy Of The European Unionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Photovoltaic Energy in EU Countries as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels

Wolniak

Skotnicka-Zasadzień

2022

Energies

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“…Ogbonnaya et al [72] Systematic update on the state-of-the-art of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell (IPVFC) systems, an overview of the technical challenges that need to be overcome for IPVFC systems to reach full commercialization and widespread application.…”

Section: Journal Of Power and Energy Systems (Csee) 2022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a Renewable Energy Carrier in a Hybrid Configuration of Distributed Energy Systems: Bibliometric Mapping of Current Knowledge and Strategies

2023

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Storing energy in hydrogen deposits balances the operation of energy systems and is an effective tool in the process of energy transformation towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals. To assess the validity of its use as an alternative renewable energy carrier in dispersed energy systems of hybrid configuration, a comprehensive review of scientific literature was conducted in this study, based on bibliometric analysis. The bibliographic database used in the study was the international Web of Science database. This review contributes to a better understanding of the characteristics of the selected research area. The evolution of research trends implemented in the design of energy systems associated with hydrogen technologies is revealed, clearly indicating that it is a developing field. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of publications, although the territorial range of research (mainly simulation) conducted in the domain does not include areas with the most favourable infrastructural conditions. The analysis reveals weak cooperation between South American, African, East Asian, and Oceanic countries. In the light of earlier, thematically similar literature reviews, several research gaps are also identified and proposals for future research are presented. They concern, in particular, the parallel implementation and optimization of the operation of hydrogen (HRES—Hybrid Renewable Energy System and HESS—Hybrid Energy Storage System) solutions in terms of economics, ecology, lifespan, and work efficiency, as well as their feasibility analysis. With the support of other researchers and those involved in the subject matter, this review may contribute to the further development of hybrid hydrogen systems in terms of increasing competitiveness and promoting the implementation of these technologies.

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“…However, silicon photovoltaic cells account for less than 1% of the total energy production. This low market contribution is mainly caused by the relatively high cost per kilowatt-hour of photovoltaic cells [10]. There are two strategies used to reduce the energy production cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterned Liquid Crystal Polymer Thin Films Improved Energy Conversion Efficiency at High Incident Angles for Photovoltaic Cells

2024

Polymers

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In this report, micro-patterned silicon semiconductor photovoltaic cells have been proposed to improve the efficiency in various incident sunlight angles, using homeotropic liquid crystal polymers. The anisotropic liquid crystal precursor solution based on a reactive mesogen has good flowing characteristics. It can be evenly coated on the silicon solar cells’ surface by a conventional spreading technique, such as spin coating. Once cured, the polymers exhibit asymmetric transmittance properties. The optical retardation characteristics of the coated polymer films can be eventually determined by the applicable coating and curing parameters during the processes. The birefringence of light then influences the optical path and the divergence of any encountered sunlight. This allows more photons to enter the active semiconductor layers for optical absorption, resulting in an increase in the photon-to-electron conversion, and thus improving the photovoltaic cell efficiency. This new design is straightforward and could allow various patterns to be created for scientific development. The experimental results have evidenced that the energy conversion efficiency could be improved by 2–3% for the silicon photovoltaic cells, under direct sunlight or at no inclination, when the liquid crystal polymer precursor solution is prepared at 5%. In addition, the efficiency could be much more significantly improved to 14–16% when the angle is inclined to 45°. The unique patterned liquid crystal polymer thin films provide enhanced energy conversion efficiency for silicon photovoltaic cells. The design could be further evaluated for other solar cell applications.

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Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 149 publications

Development of Photovoltaic Energy in EU Countries as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels

Development of Photovoltaic Energy in EU Countries as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels

Hydrogen as a Renewable Energy Carrier in a Hybrid Configuration of Distributed Energy Systems: Bibliometric Mapping of Current Knowledge and Strategies

Patterned Liquid Crystal Polymer Thin Films Improved Energy Conversion Efficiency at High Incident Angles for Photovoltaic Cells

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