Prospects of microbial polysaccharides‐based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications

Abstract

Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross‐linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad‐scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.

Carrageenan‐Based Hybrids with Biopolymers and Nano‐Structured Materials for Biomimetic Applications

“…Research has revealed suitable dynamics of carrageenan-based hydrogels, e.g., elastic, and viscoelastic behavior. [211,212] for tissue engineering applications. For example, mouse chondrocyte traces in alginate/carrageenan hydrogel beads/fibers confirmed the excessive viability and proliferation for the duration of longtime period of 21 days.…”

Algal Polysaccharides‐Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery Applications

“…[92] Investigators have established series of nanoparticles that can monitor and affect drug release by reacting to various external stimuli such as temperature, magnetic, light, and internal stimuli such as pH, enzyme, or redox signals. [10] Moreover, nano-formulations have been examined as an encouraging candidate to overcome the blood-brain barrier and to improve the drug bioavailability. [94] Furthermore, the convergence of nanotechnology and medical imaging provides a potential for the development in nano-imaging in near future, permitting the recognition of a specific molecule or a particular cell in the complex biological media.…”

“…[ 9 ] Nanosystem possess various attractive properties and are not restricted to define the ineffective solubility of drug in aqueous media, the bioavailability of drug molecules during both blood circulation and storage, and the retention time of drug according to dynamic standards via active or passive target specifications. [ 9,10 ] Due to their biocompatible and biodegradable nature, and the presence of exceptional multifunctional groups, polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles have been considered as drug delivery vehicles for different medicinal agents. [ 9,11 ]…”

Analysis of Biochemical and Genetic Variability of Pleurotus ostreatus Based on the β-Glucans and CDDP Markers

“…Glucans have a number of unique characteristics, some of them are described below. The greatest importance of glucans is their prebiotic function [ 4 , 5 ]. Due to the structure, there are two primary underlying kinds of polysaccharides, α-glucans (e.g., glycogen, starch) and β-glucans, which do not contain starch [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

“…The greatest importance of glucans is their prebiotic function [ 4 , 5 ]. Due to the structure, there are two primary underlying kinds of polysaccharides, α-glucans (e.g., glycogen, starch) and β-glucans, which do not contain starch [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. α-1,3-glucans are semi-crystalline, water-insoluble polysaccharides tracked down normally in mushrooms [ 9 ].…”