Prospects of renewable energy as a non-rivalry energy alternative in Libya

Almaktar, Mohamed; Shaaban, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110852

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…For the geothermal resource, binary indicates that the geothermal fluid (water/steam) never comes in a contact with the prime mover. Geothermal binary power systems are suitable for electricity production from low underground heat source [10]. The binary plant in Alaska, as an example, utilizes a geothermal resource of 57°C [11]; yet generally, binary system designs can exploit an inlet temperature range between 80 and 170°C [3].…”

Section: Binary Cycle Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exit mixed stream of condenser and heat exchanger is then injected back into the ground (8). The pump Geothermal Power Generation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97423 within the binary ORC pressurizes the organic working fluid to a high level (10), that is in turn be in a form of saturated vapor when thermally exchanged with the heat of saturated geofluid stream in the evaporator (11). The saturated vapor is expanded into the steam turbine and delivers work to produce further electricity (12).…”

Section: Binary Cycle Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geothermal Power Generation

Yusupov¹,

Almaktar²

2022

Geothermal Energy

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Bulk power system based on fossil fuels becomes less reliable and stable in economic terms, technically more labor-consuming and harmful environmental impact. These problems have led many countries to find ways to supply the electricity from a green and sustainable energy source. The electricity derived from renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, biomass and geothermal refers to as green and sustainable energy. Geothermal energy is not only utilized for electric power generation, but it is also exploited to generate environmentally friendly heat energy. As of the end of 2018, geothermal global cumulative installed capacity exceeded 13 GW, generated an energy of about 630 peta joule (PJ). This chapter presents the geothermal energy resource in terms of the types of power plants, principle of the electricity generation and current world status of geothermal resource utilization. The issues such as advantages and disadvantages of geothermal energy economically and environmentally and means to overcome shortcomings are also considered. The main barriers for the development of geothermal industry include high resource and exploration risk, overall high development cost particularly drilling, and inadequate financing and grant support. The global averaged cost of electricity for the geothermal facility is nearly 0.072 USD/kWh as compared to 0.056 for onshore wind and 0.047 USD/kWh for hydropower. However, the technology is rather competitive to other renewables such as concentrating solar power (0.185 USD/kWh) and offshore wind (0.127 USD/kWh). Meanwhile, further research and development is critically needed to eliminate the non-condensable gases (NCGs) associated with the geothermal power generation.

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Section: Binary Cycle Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Binary Cycle Power Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal Power Generation

Yusupov¹,

Almaktar²

2022

Geothermal Energy

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“…Despite the fact that recreation is among the most common use-values of water bodies, nature-based recreational sites in particular are often undervalued in low and middle-income countries (LMICS) and instead regarded as public goods with non-excludable and non-rival characteristics ( Zhu and van Ierland, 2012 ; Almaktar and Shaaban, 2021 ). In some cases, they are also used as open-access properties because there is no entry charge or enforcement of entry fees is weak ( Ward and Beal, 2000 ; Boyer et al, 2017 ; Zhang, 2019 ).…”

Section: Background and Justificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The services associated with recreation and hydropower generation are both essentially non-rival. Therefore, these services do not completely consume the water and reduce its availability for alternative uses ( Zhu and van Ierland, 2012 ; Almaktar and Shaaban, 2021 ). This means that if effective planning had been implemented, the water could have been used simultaneously for both purposes without impacting either.…”

Section: Background and Justificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the recreational use value of Tis-Abay Waterfall in the upstream of the Blue Nile River, North-West Ethiopia

Wubalem¹,

Reynolds²,

Wodaju³

2022

Heliyon

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“…The critical role of wind power for renewable energy (RE) planning has been addressed in many studies [1][2][3]. In general, wind energy is captured either on land or offshore before the electricity produced is converted and transmitted through the grid [4]. Wind energy is mainly exploited on land at inland locations, such as the edge of deserts [5,6] or on the seashore [7], where constant wind speeds able to drive turbines are available all year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study of the Mechanical and Durability Properties of High-Performance Concrete Materials for Grouting Underwater Foundations of Offshore Wind Turbines

Kuo

Zhuang

2021

Materials

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With the increasing importance of offshore wind turbines, a critical issue in their construction is the high-performance concrete (HPC) used for grouting underwater foundations, as such materials must be better able to withstand the extremes of the surrounding natural environment. This study produced and tested 12 concrete sample types by varying the water/binder ratio (0.28 and 0.30), the replacement ratios for fly ash (0%, 10%, and 20%) and silica fume (0% and 10%), as substitutes for cement, with ground granulated blast-furnace slag at a fixed proportion of 30%. The workability of fresh HPC is discussed with setting time, slump, and V-funnel flow properties. The hardened mechanical properties of the samples were tested at 1, 7, 28, 56, and 91 days, and durability tests were performed at 28, 56, and 91 days. Our results show that both fly ash (at 20%) and silica fume (at 10%) are required for effective filling of interstices and better pozzolanic reactions over time to produce HPC that is durable enough to withstand acid sulfate and chloride ion attacks, and we recommend this admixture for the best proportioning of HPC suitable for constructing offshore wind turbine foundations under the harsh underwater conditions of the Taiwan Bank. We established a model to predict a durability parameter (i.e., chloride permeability) of a sample using another mechanical property (i.e., compressive strength), or vice versa, using the observable relationship between them. This concept can be generalized to other pairs of parameters and across different parametric categories, and the regression model will make future experiments less laborious and time-consuming.

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Prospects of renewable energy as a non-rivalry energy alternative in Libya

Cited by 37 publications

References 101 publications

Geothermal Power Generation

Geothermal Power Generation

Estimating the recreational use value of Tis-Abay Waterfall in the upstream of the Blue Nile River, North-West Ethiopia

A Comprehensive Study of the Mechanical and Durability Properties of High-Performance Concrete Materials for Grouting Underwater Foundations of Offshore Wind Turbines

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