Prospects of Using Gum Arabic Silver Nanoparticles in Toothpaste to Prevent Dental Caries

Abstract

There is growing interest in the use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control and prevent dental diseases. The incorporation of green synthesized AgNPs into dentifrices to reduce pathogenic oral microbes is motivated by their presumed biocompatibility and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, gum arabic AgNPs (GA-AgNPs) were formulated into a toothpaste (TP) using a commercial TP at a non-active concentration, to produce GA-AgNPs_TP. The TP was selected after evaluating the antimicrobial activity of four commercial TPs 1-4 on selected oral microbes using agar disc diffusion and microdilution assays. The less active TP-1 was then used in the formulation of GA-AgNPs_TP-1; thereafter, the antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was compared to GA-AgNPs_TP-1. The cytotoxicity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was also assessed on the buccal mucosa fibroblast (BMF) cells using the MTT assay. The study demonstrated that antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was retained after being combined with a sub-lethal or inactive concentration of TP-1. The non-selective antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of both GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was demonstrated to be time and concentration dependent. These activities were instant, reducing microbial and BMF cell growth in less than one hour of exposure. However, the use of dentifrice commonly takes 2 min and rinsed off thereafter, which could prevent damage to the oral mucosa. Although, GA-AgNPs_TP-1 has a good prospect as a TP or oral healthcare product, more studies are required to further improve the biocompatibility of this formulation.

Green synthesis of gum arabic platinum nanoparticle: Electrochemical sensor application for glyphosate detection

“…To minimize agglomeration and to attain good dispersibility and stability of Pt nanoparticles, GA, a natural polymer rich in acidic sugar content, including galacturonic and glucuronic acids, is used as stabilizing agent. 16,17 Platinum nanoparticles are selected in this work because they are highly inert, with a large surface area, greatly higher active sites, and high stability against oxidation. [18][19][20][21] Although Pt nanoparticles have excellent catalytic performance, they are often associated with severe agglomeration, which reduces their catalytic effects.…”

Nanotechnology in toothpaste: Fundamentals, trends, and safety

“…The combination of this toothpaste with the stannous-containing rinse showed even better prevention against erosion–abrasion. nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate and F [ 98 ] Demineralization inhibition/Bleaching Gels containing F/sodium trimetaphosphate do not interfere with the bleaching effect and reduce enamel demineralization Ag and Au [ 99 ] Antimicrobial Silver in toothpaste has a greater antimicrobial effect than gold, but its effect is still inferior to that of a chemical antimicrobial agent Ag NPs [ 100 ] Antimicrobial Combination of green synthesis of Ag NPs with commercial toothpaste enhanced antimicrobial activity of Toothpaste and prevent from biofilm formation, but this composition showed to be cytotoxic to the oral mucosa-representative. The toxicity is not a major problem because the toothpaste is not swallowed and only lingers in the mouth for a short amount of time.…”

Fructose, Another Sweet for Cancer: A Context Acting Nutrient Hypothesis

“…Glucose is classically considered the primary source of energy for cancer cells. [1][2][3][4][5] Glucose uptake by malignant cells is more than ten times higher than in normal cells. [6][7][8][9] The increased tumor glucose uptake has led to the development of a very useful diagnostic method to visualize them: the 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET).…”