Prostate Blood Flow Characteristics in the Chronic Prostatitis/Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Cho, I.N.R.; Keener, Thomas S.; Nghiem, Hahn V.; Winter, Thomas C.; Krieger, John N.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67708-7

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The severity of prostate texture nonhomogeneity was classified using an arbitrary Likert scale and scores of 0–3 (0 = homogeneous texture, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe texture nonhomogeneity). Prostate vascularization, prostate hyperemia and arterial prostatic peak systolic velocity (APPSV) were defined based on previous studies23243637 and evaluated prior to ejaculation to avoid post-ejaculatory changes in vascular flow pattern as has been previously reported 38. Seminal vesicle ultrasound features and abnormalities were defined based on previous studies 2325333940.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and prostate abnormalities in male subjects of infertile couples

et al. 2014

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No previous study has evaluated systematically the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prostate-related symptoms and signs in young infertile men. We studied 171 (36.5 ± 8.3-years-old) males of infertile couples. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel. All men underwent hormonal (including total testosterone (TT) and insulin), seminal (including interleukin-8 (IL-8), seminal plasma IL-8 (sIL-8)), scrotal and transrectal ultrasound evaluations. Because we have previously assessed correlations between MetS and scrotal parameters in a larger cohort of infertile men, here, we focused on transrectal features. Prostate-related symptoms were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Twenty-two subjects fulfilled MetS criteria. In an age-adjusted logistic ordinal model, insulin levels increased as a function of MetS components (Wald = 29.5, P < 0.0001) and showed an inverse correlation with TT (adjusted r = -0.359, P< 0.0001). No association between MetS and NIH-CPSI or IPSS scores was observed. In an age-, TT-, insulin-adjusted logistic ordinal model, an increase in number of MetS components correlated negatively with normal sperm morphology (Wald = 5.59, P< 0.02) and positively with sIL-8 levels (Wald = 4.32, P < 0.05), which is a marker of prostate inflammation, with prostate total and transitional zone volume assessed using ultrasound (Wald = 17.6 and 12.5, both P < 0.0001), with arterial peak systolic velocity (Wald = 9.57, P = 0.002), with texture nonhomogeneity (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87 (1.05–3.33), P < 0.05), with calcification size (Wald = 3.11, P < 0.05), but not with parameters of seminal vesicle size or function. In conclusion, in males of infertile couples, MetS is positively associated with prostate enlargement, biochemical (sIL8) and ultrasound-derived signs of prostate inflammation but not with prostate-related symptoms, which suggests that MetS is a trigger for a subclinical, early-onset form of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome and prostate abnormalities in male subjects of infertile couples

et al. 2014

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“…The prostate‐vesicular region was assessed at rectal ultrasonography through transverse, longitudinal (Behre et al. , 1995; Vicari, 1999) and oblique scans with patients placed in the left lateral decubitus (Cho et al. , 2000) using two different probes, a transrectal biplanar probe (linear transducer U533L 7.5 MHz; convex transducer U533C 6.5 MHz), more sensitive for the detection of prostatic features, and an ‘end fire’ probe (V53W 6.5 MHz, field of view 50°–200°) to investigate seminal vesicles better.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic and clinical correlates of seminal plasma interleukin-8 levels in patients attending an andrology clinic for infertility

Lotti

Corona

Mancini

et al. 2010

International Journal of Andrology

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This study was aimed at evaluating the association between seminal plasma interleukin-8 (sIL-8) and colour-Doppler ultrasound (CDU) characteristics of the male genital tract in a series of patients fulfilling the criteria of male accessory gland infections (MAGI). Of 250 subjects seeking medical care for couple infertility, 79 (mean age: 36.4 ± 7.5 years) met the criteria of MAGI and scored higher than the rest of the sample on the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score. All patients underwent simultaneous hormone evaluation and seminal analysis (including sIL-8), along with scrotal and transrectal CDU before and after ejaculation. After adjusting for age, sIL-8 in patients with MAGI was significantly related to several abnormal semen and CDU parameters. In particular, leucocytospermia was closely associated with sIL-8. Ejaculate volume, unlike other semen or hormonal parameters, was negatively associated with sIL-8. When scrotal CDU was performed, sIL-8 was positively related to CDU inhomogeneous, hypo-echoic, hyper-echoic epididymis and to epididymal calcifications. In addition, a positive correlation among sIL-8, hyperaemic epididymis and an increased size of epididymal tail was found. When transrectal CDU was performed, an association among sIL-8 and hyper-echoic seminal vesicles, dilated ejaculatory ducts and duct calcifications was also observed. Finally, sIL-8 was positively related to prostate CDU abnormalities such as calcifications, inhomogeneous/hypo-echoic texture, hyperaemia and high arterial blood flow. No association was found with testis parameters. In conclusion, sIL-8 levels in patients with MAGI are associated with several parameters and CDU abnormalities of epididymis, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts and prostate, but not of the testis. Furthermore, sIL-8 positively correlates with CDU signs of ejaculatory duct inflammatory subobstruction.

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“…There may be several underlying mechanisms to explain this. First, prostatic inflammation affects smooth muscle relaxation and impairs microvascularization of the prostate 28 , thus decreasing the ability of penile tissue to maintain an erection. Second, inflammation of the prostate might impair chemokine, nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 production 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study on Association of Prostatic Calcifications with Clinical Symptoms and Results of Treatment in Men with type III prostatitis

Xiang

Jin

Hua

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The purpose is to investigate the clinical significance of prostatic calculi in patients with chronic prostatitis and to discuss the possible treatment.The data from 277 young males with CP/CPPS were analyzed prospectively. Symptom severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS). Sexual function was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. After four weeks of therapy, the NIH-CPSI, IPSS, and IIEF-5 tests were repeated. The variables were compared between patients with and without prostatic calcifications using the Students t-test or chi-square test. No significant differences were found between CP/CPPS patients with and without prostatic calcifications regarding age, body mass index, prostate volume, CPSI, IPSS and IIEF-5. Men with calcifications endured symptoms significantly longer (37.9 ± 25.2 versus 19.0 ± 16.4 months, P < 0.01), and had significantly higher white blood cell counts per high power field in expressed prostatic secretions (7.7 ± 12.8 versus 3.9 ± 4.7; P < 0.01), than patients without prostatic calcifications, who responded better to medication compared with patients with prostatic calcifications. In conclusion, patients with calcifications were more likely to have category IIIA disease and they required a longer medication period.Category III prostatitis, or chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, (CP/CPPS) is a common yet poorly understood condition. The prevalence of CP/CPPS has been estimated to be over 90% of all chronic prostatitis patients 1 .Prostatitis produces lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by causing contraction of the smooth muscle of the prostate and bladder neck, and also causes chronic pelvic pain 2 . Moreover, CP/CPPS is associated with significant sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction (ED), decreased sexual desire, and decreased frequency of sexual activities [3][4][5] .The prostatic calcifications are identified by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)during clinical practice from time to time. Some authors suggest that prostatic calculi simply accompany the presence of prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma 6, 7 . However, some studies have correlated the presence of prostatic calcifications with CP/CPPS-related symptoms 8,9 . Histology reveals that most calculi are associated with inflammatory changes. Intraprostatic urinary reflux, which causes chemical prostatitis, has an important role in the pathogenesis of nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia 10 . It is also reported that prostatic calculi are formed by the precipitation of prostatic secretions and calcification of the corpora amylacea under inflammatory conditions 11 .There have been several studies concerning the influence of prostatic calculi on LUTS or CP/CPPS-related symptoms, with conflicting results 2,8,12 ; therefore, it remains unclear whether different treatment should be applied to chronic prostatitis patients with calculi versus those w...

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Prostate Blood Flow Characteristics in the Chronic Prostatitis/Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Metabolic syndrome and prostate abnormalities in male subjects of infertile couples

Metabolic syndrome and prostate abnormalities in male subjects of infertile couples

Ultrasonographic and clinical correlates of seminal plasma interleukin-8 levels in patients attending an andrology clinic for infertility

Prospective Study on Association of Prostatic Calcifications with Clinical Symptoms and Results of Treatment in Men with type III prostatitis

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