Prostate cancer and the social construct of race

Brawley, Otis W.

doi:10.1002/cncr.33417

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although racial classification is a social construct based on phenotype, it remains useful for describing health patterns in the United States because of its association with the social determinants of health resulting from systemic racism as well as genetic ancestry. 2,3 Collectively, African American/Black people have higher mortality than any other broadly defined racial/ethnic group 4 for most cancers and other leading causes of death, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes (Table 1). These disparities are driven by lower socioeconomic status (SES), [5][6][7] which is associated with a higher prevalence of risk factors for cancer and other diseases, as well as less access to high-quality health care, largely because of inadequate health insurance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This group includes African Americans, whose ancestors were brought to the United States involuntarily as slaves; Caribbean Americans; and recent immigrants of African descent. Although racial classification is a social construct based on phenotype, it remains useful for describing health patterns in the United States because of its association with the social determinants of health resulting from systemic racism as well as genetic ancestry 2,3 . Collectively, African American/Black people have higher mortality than any other broadly defined racial/ethnic group 4 for most cancers and other leading causes of death, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Giaquinto

Miller

Tossas

et al. 2022

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

391

228

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African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5‐year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2‐fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced‐stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2‐fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5‐year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Giaquinto

Miller

Tossas

et al. 2022

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

391

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, it must be emphasized that TCGA clinical data do not capture many important environmental, demographic, and behavioral factors that may also contribute to CSD, such as socioeconomic status, access to health care, diet and exercise habits, and stress associated with racial discrimination (44)(45). Some studies have shown that equity in or adjustment for these non-genetic factors significantly reduce the levels of CSD (46). Therefore, there may be hidden factors that confound the level of genetic contributions of identified DEGs to CSD that are unaccounted for in our analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association of Genetic Ancestry and Molecular Signatures with Cancer Survival Disparities: A Pan-Cancer Analysis

et al. 2022

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While overall cancer mortality has steadily decreased in recent decades, cancer health disparities among racial and ethnic population groups persist. Here we studied the relationship between cancer survival disparities (CSD), genetic ancestry (GA), and tumor molecular signatures across 33 cancers in a cohort of 9,818 patients. GA correlated with race and ethnicity but showed observable differences in effects on CSD, with significant associations identified in four cancer types: breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and skin cutaneous carcinoma (SKCM). Differential gene expression and methylation between ancestry groups associated cancer-related genes with CSD, of which seven protein-coding genes (PAQR6, LIME1, SAP25, MXD3, CCER2, RFLNA, and CTSW) significantly interacted with GA and exacerbated observed survival disparities.These findings indicated that regulatory changes mediated by epigenetic mechanisms have a greater contribution to CSD than population-specific mutations. Overall, we uncovered various molecular mechanisms through which GA might impact CSD, revealing potential population-specific therapeutic targets for groups disproportionately burdened by cancer.

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“…Over the last few decades, researchers from the medical sciences to the social sciences have recognised how health and bodily concerns such as asthma, cancer, disability, alcoholism, obesity, mental illness, and survival are products of social construct (Poikolainen, 1982;Busfield, 1988;Bauman, 1992;Rich et al, 2000;Liachowitz, 2010;Nolan, 2017;Brawley, 2021). Vaccination is no exception, it is also a socially constructed, acquired, and reinforced phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine knowledge among Generation Y Malays in Pulau Pinang: A pilot study

et al. 2022

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The increasing spread of infectious diseases in Malaysia has resulted the topic of vaccine acceptance and rejection is gaining traction in academia. the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly has manifested the never-ending debate of the topic of immunisation both academically and in public discourse. Thus, it is appropriate and timely to delve deeper into the ideas, norms, and values that influence people's health preferences and behaviour, particularly in vaccination. This study concerns on the perceived and actual vaccine knowledge of Generation Y Malays aged 25 to 40 years old in Pulau Pinang. It is critical to understand the public discussion vaccines within the framework of social interactionhow vaccines are portrayed and publicly understood. A pilot study was conducted prior to this to evaluate the procedure for participant recruitment, the data collection processes and the usability of the survey questionnaire. The improvements made to the instrument and methodology before beginning the main research study on vaccine knowledge among Malaysians in Pulau Pinang were made in an attempt to contribute to the body of research in this area.

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Prostate cancer and the social construct of race

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Association of Genetic Ancestry and Molecular Signatures with Cancer Survival Disparities: A Pan-Cancer Analysis

Vaccine knowledge among Generation Y Malays in Pulau Pinang: A pilot study

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