Prostate Cancer Detection in a Clinical Urological Practice by Ultrasonography, Digital Rectal Examination and Prostate Specific Antigen

Cooner, William H.; Mosley, B.R.; Rutherford, Charles L.; Beard, Jeff H.; Pond, Harry S.; Terry, William J.; Igel, Todd C.; Kidd, Donald D.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40211-4

Cited by 694 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…26 Thus, in this effectively unscreened population, if a screening test with only slightly improved sensitivity were implemented and if the prevalence of the disease was relatively high, the test would be expected to have a high rate of disease detection. This is precisely what occurred in the period between 1989 -1991 when PSA screening dramatically increased across the U.S. 28 -30 Five [21][22][23][24][25]31 Against the backdrop of current practice and our current knowledge of the likelihood of a positive prostate biopsy in men with normal PSA levels, it is important to examine several aspects of theses studies. Table 1 summarizes these characteristics.…”

Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[21][22][23][24][25] These studies examined both men volunteering for screening [21][22][23]25 as well as populations seen within a general urologic practice. 24 It is important to understand the unique attributes of these studies because design considerations affected the results and therefore PSA screening over the past decade. Even more important was the fact that the populations being screened had never been examined with a sensitive screening test before.…”

Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the face of findings that may not be applicable to all ethnic groups, major limitations in the ascertainment of disease among study participants, the lack of appli- 25 Brawer et al 21,22 Terris and Stamey 23 Cooner et al 24 Wang and Kawaguchi 31 No cation of modern biopsy techniques (e.g., 6 -12 cores obtained at needle biopsy), multiple questions regarding the validation of PSA-based screening for prostate carcinoma remained unanswered. To our knowledge, few of these authors evaluated patients with low PSA levels with prostate biopsy.…”

Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

280

173

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Objective To review the literature and collect expert advice for proposing preventive and curative treatments of mouth and dental involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Methods The literature pertaining to mouth and/or dental involvement related to SSc was reviewed, and recommendations were developed according to the suggestions of a French multidisciplinary working group of experts and validated by a lecture committee. Results Dentists face 3 main issues in caring for SSc patients: oral mucosa involvement, manducatory apparatus and mouth involvement responsible for limitations in mouth opening, and treatment‐related adverse events. An increased risk of tongue carcinoma has been noted. In patients with severe limitation in mouth opening (<30 mm), recommended treatments are a specific mouth‐opening rehabilitation program, flexible sectional dentures, and splint therapy. Indications for dental implants depend on the severity of SSc, comorbidities, and/or ongoing bisphosphonate treatment. Prevention of mouth infections and caries implies patient education and teaching about mouth and dental hygiene, periodontal maintenance, and treatment of sicca syndrome. Cessation of tobacco use is mandatory. Patient‐tailored rehabilitation may improve limitations in mouth opening. Systematic dental panoramic radiography allows for the early detection of dental caries. Conclusion Prevention of oral and dental complications is a major issue in patients with SSc. Dental treatment should be tailored to limitations in mouth opening, disease severity, and ongoing treatments.

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Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psa As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Hernández

Thompson

2004

Cancer

280

173

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“…1 Cross-sectional analysis of serum PSA levels in men with and without prostate discent studies suggest that PSA may be useful in the early detection of prostate cancer, 3,4 it is known that PSA elevations occur in men with BPH 2,5,6 and that men with prostate cancer can have normal PSA levels. [4][5][6] are not specific for prostate cancer, and a normal PSA level does not exclude the presence of cancer.…”

Section: Conclusion-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 However, men with BPH have PSA elevations in 21% to 86% of cases, 2,5,6 and men with prostate cancer have normal PSA levels in 21% to 35% of cases. [4][5][6] Therefore, PSA elevations are not specific for prostate cancer, and a normal PSA level does not exclude the presence of cancer.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Evaluation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Men With and Without Prostate Disease

Carter

Pearson²,

Metter³

et al. 1992

JAMA

808

296

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Objective-To evaluate longitudinal changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men with and without prostate disease.Design-Case-control study of men with and without prostate disease who were participants in a prospective aging study. Setting-GerontologyResearch Center of the National Institute on Aging; the Baltimore (Md) Longitudinal Study of Aging.Patients-Sixteen men with no prostate disease (control group), 20 men with a histologic diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 18 men with a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer.Outcome Measures-Multiple PSA and androgen determinations on serum samples obtained from 7 to 25 years prior to histologic diagnosis or exclusion of prostate disease.Results-Changesin androgen levels with age did not differ between groups. Control subjects did not show a significant change in PSA levels with age. There was a significant difference in the age-adjusted rate of change in PSA levels between groups (prostate cancer>BPH>control; P<.01).At 5 years before diagnosis when PSA levels did not differ between subjects with BPH and prostate cancer, rate of change in PSA levels (0.75 μg/L per year) was significantly greater in subjects with prostate cancer compared with control subjects and subjects with BPH. Also, rate of change in PSA levels distinguished subjects with prostate cancer from subjects with BPH and control subjects with a specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions-The most significant factor affecting serum PSA levels with age is the development of prostate disease. Rate of change in PSA levels may be a sensitive and specific early clinical marker for the development of prostate cancer.PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) is a serine protease produced by both benign and malignant prostatic epithelium that can be measured in serum samples by immunoassay. 1 Cross-sectional analysis of serum PSA levels in men with and without prostate discent studies suggest that PSA may be useful in the early detection of prostate cancer, 3,4 it is known that PSA elevations occur in men with BPH 2,5,6 and that men with prostate cancer can have normal PSA levels. [4][5][6] are not specific for prostate cancer, and a normal PSA level does not exclude the presence of cancer.The longitudinal changes in PSA that occur with age in men with and without prostate disease have not been reported previously. In addition, although it is well known that PSA is under the influence of androgen, 7,8 the influence of age-related decreases in androgen levels on PSA has not been studied. To better understand the factors that affect PSA levels and potentially improve the use of this valuable clinical marker in men with prostate disease, we evaluated PSA levels in a longitudinal, casecontrol study. METHODS Study GroupsThree groups of men were identified from subjects participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). The BLSA is an ongoing, long-term,prospective aging study of the National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, Md, which has as its goal the study of ...

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Increasing Incidence of Cancer of the Prostate

Demers¹

1994

Arch Intern Med

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Prostate Cancer Detection in a Clinical Urological Practice by Ultrasonography, Digital Rectal Examination and Prostate Specific Antigen

Cited by 694 publications

References 33 publications

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker

Longitudinal Evaluation of Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Men With and Without Prostate Disease

Increasing Incidence of Cancer of the Prostate

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