Prostate cancer in Asian men

Abstract

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in most native Asian populations have gradually increased, but are around one-third lower than in corresponding Asian-American cohorts, which are themselves lower than the rates observed in other American cohorts. Although genetic and environmental factors, particularly a Western diet, could partially explain these differences, lower exposure to PSA screening in Asian individuals might be a major contributing factor. Genetic features and diet are, however, unlikely to differ substantially within the same region of Asia, and age-stratified PSA levels in men from various Asian countries are almost identical; therefore, variation in the epidemiology of prostate cancer among native Asian populations might be attributable to differences in access to PSA testing, urology clinics, and available therapies. Conversely, the proportion of patients with metastatic prostate cancer is substantially higher even in the more developed Asian countries than in migratory Asian populations residing in Western countries and in Westerners. Consequently, the most appropriate approaches to the management of prostate cancer in Asian countries probably also differ, and therefore individualized prostate cancer screening and treatment strategies based on the epidemiological features and socioeconomic status of each country are needed.

<b>No change in the prevalence of latent prostate cancer over the last 10 years: a forensic autopsy study in </b><b>Japan </b>

“…According to recent meta-analyses on autopsy studies, age-adjusted rates of latent PC have remained fairly constant over time (1,12). Recently, some reports suggest that the incidence of PC has increased in Asian countries (11,14). In Japan, according to The Center for Cancer Control and Information Services in Japan, the morbidity rate (per 100 000 population) of PC has increased in these ten years, from 47.1 in 2002 to 126.6 in 2011 (4).…”

Evaluation of Bone Turnover / Quality Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy with or without Denosumab

“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in males in Western countries and its incidence has increased in Japan (1). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, GnRH antagonists or bilateral orchiectomy is a well-established treatment for advanced PCa (2).…”

Chemotherapy for metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer

“…A study by Miyamoto et al 39 showed a 5-year OS of 62.5% in a cohort of 79 metastatic CSPC Japanese patients on ADT, a number much higher than that in the ADT-only arm for metastatic CSPC patients in the STAMPEDE trial (5-year OS 39%), which only enrolled UK and Swiss patients. 34 It has been proposed that differences in OS amongst metastatic CSPC patients on ADT might arise, because countries with rigorous screening processes might detect most cancers before they metastasize, 51 It is therefore plausible that patients with these more aggressive cancers might also derive more benefit from docetaxel compared with patients in countries with less stringent screening programs.…”