Prostate Cancer Risk in Pre-Diabetic Men: A Matched Cohort Study

Onitilo, Adedayo A.; Berg, Richard L.; Engel, Jessica M.; Stankowski, Rachel V.; Glurich, Ingrid; Williams, Gail M.; Doi, Suhail A.R.

doi:10.3121/cmr.2013.1160

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The risk for developing prostate cancer declined briefly after the onset of diabetes mellitus and this reduction continued for the following 15 years. This declining risk might be caused by a drop in testosterone levels 112 . Considering the ample evidence associating diabetes with cancer, it is clear that more investigations are needed to clarify the mechanism by which diabetes can cause or, in some circumstances, even prevent cancer.…”

Section: Systemic Metabolic Diseases With Possible Influence On Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Macroenvironment and Metabolism

Al-Zhoughbi

Huang

Paramasivan

et al. 2014

Seminars in Oncology

142

112

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In this review we introduce the concept of the tumor macroenvironment and explore it in the context of metabolism. Tumor cells interact with the tumor microenvironment including immune cells. Blood and lymph vessels are the critical components that deliver nutrients to the tumor and also connect the tumor to the macroenvironment. Several factors are then released from the tumor itself but potentially also from the tumor microenvironment, influencing the metabolism of distant tissues and organs. Amino acids, and distinct lipid and lipoprotein species can be essential for further tumor growth. The role of glucose in tumor metabolism has been studied extensively. Cancer-associated cachexia is the most important tumor-associated systemic syndrome and not only affects the quality of life of patients with various malignancies but is estimated to be the cause of death in 15%–20% of all cancer patients. On the other hand, systemic metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are known to influence tumor development. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the tumor macroenvironment are explored in the context of the patient’s outcome with special consideration for pediatric tumors. Finally, ways to target the tumor macroenvironment that will provide new approaches for therapeutic concepts are described.

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Section: Systemic Metabolic Diseases With Possible Influence On Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Macroenvironment and Metabolism

Al-Zhoughbi

Huang

Paramasivan

et al. 2014

Seminars in Oncology

142

112

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“…Considering results of cohort studies published between 2007 and 2017, eight studies did not identify a significant impact of smoking status or habits on PCa risk [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], while another 10 studies showed an inverse association of smoking with reduced PCa risk [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. On the contrary, when reviewing case-control studies (CCSs), only two studies did not find an impact on PCa incidence [28,29]: a study from Argentina found the same proportion of smokers in patients with PCa and controls [28]; also, May et al [20] did not find significant differences in the rate of advanced tumor stages between smokers and nonsmokers, while overall PCa risk was not evaluated.…”

Section: Smoking and Risk For Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Evidence on the Impact of Smoking, Sports, and Sexual Activity as Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Incidence, Recurrence, and Progression: A Systematic Review of the Literature by the European Association of Urology Section of Oncological Urology (ESOU)

Brookman‐May

Campi

Henríquez

et al. 2019

European Urology Focus

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In this systematic review, we looked at the impact of smoking, sexual activity, and sports and exercise on prostate cancer risk and outcome after treatment. While the evidence for sexual activity is not overall clear, we found that smoking might lead to more aggressive cancers and result in worse treatment outcome. Physical activity might prevent prostate cancer and improve cancer-related outcomes as well. Hence, it is certainly reasonable to advocate an active lifestyle and advise men to quit smoking.

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“…Exclusion reasons are provided in Supplementary Table S1. Thirteen articles [28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] , including 3,345,031 patients with T2D with age ranging from 18 to 90 year fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Detailed characteristics of the studies included in the present meta-analysis are shown in Supplementary Table S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the associations between BMI and the risk of total and site-specific cancers in the general population have been widely investigated 3,[9][10][11][12]15,26 , such associations in patients with existing type 2 diabetes have been less investigated and results are less clear than in general population-based studies [27][28][29][30][31][32] . Some studies have found a positive association with risk of total cancer [31][32][33] , however, not all studies have been consistent 29,30,34,35 , and results have been less convincing for hormone-related [27][28][29][30]32,[36][37][38] and colorectal cancer 29,30,32 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Soltani

Abdollahi

Aune

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Although obesity has been associated with an increased cancer risk in the general population, the association in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains controversial. We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies of body mass index (BMI) and the risk of total and site-specific cancers in patients with T2D. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Medline until September 2020 for cohort studies on the association between BMI and cancer risk in patients with T2D. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Ten prospective and three retrospective cohort studies (3,345,031 participants and 37,412 cases) were included in the meta-analysis. Each 5-unit increase in BMI (kg/m2) was associated with a 6% higher risk of total cancer (RR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01, 1.10; I2 = 55.4%, n = 6), and with a 12% increased risk in the analysis of breast cancer (RR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.05, 1.20; I2 = 0%, n = 3). The pooled RRs showed no association with prostate cancer (RR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.92, 1.13; I2 = 64.6%, n = 4), pancreatic cancer (RR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.84, 1.11; I2 = 71%, n = 3), and colorectal cancer (RR: 1.05, 95% CI 0.98, 1.13; I2 = 65.9%, n = 2). There was no indication of nonlinearity for total cancer (Pnon-linearity = 0.99), however, there was evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and breast cancer (Pnon-linearity = 0.004) with steeper increases in risk from a BMI around 35 and above respectively. Higher BMI was associated with a higher risk of total, and breast cancer but not with risk of other cancers, in patients with T2D, however, further studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.

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Prostate Cancer Risk in Pre-Diabetic Men: A Matched Cohort Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Tumor Macroenvironment and Metabolism

Tumor Macroenvironment and Metabolism

Latest Evidence on the Impact of Smoking, Sports, and Sexual Activity as Modifiable Lifestyle Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Incidence, Recurrence, and Progression: A Systematic Review of the Literature by the European Association of Urology Section of Oncological Urology (ESOU)

Body mass index and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: a dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

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