Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring

Lilja, Hans; Ulmert, David; Vickers, Andrew J.

doi:10.1038/nrc2351

Cited by 750 publications

(644 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Unfortunately, current diagnostic and prognostic markers, including preoperative PSA levels and histological grade of the tumor, do not sufficiently distinguish those patients at risk of disease recurrence. 2 Therefore, it is of importance to find new molecular markers for better prognostic stratification of prostate cancer patients. Here, we show that a decrease or loss of SHP-1 expression correlates with a significantly decreased time to BCR and clinical progression, and multivariate analysis showed that SHP-1 remained an independent predictor when adjusted for preoperative PSA level, Gleason score and presence or absence of extra capsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion and positive surgical margins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radical prostatectomy (RP) serves as the first line of treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer. 2 However, in many cases the cancer will recur, as evidenced by rising levels of serum PSA, a phenomenon known as biochemical recurrence (BCR). This is an important concern and it is currently difficult to identify those patients at a high risk of tumor recurrence.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical detection of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

Tassidis

Brokken

Jirström

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) receptors and cytosolic signaling proteins as well as the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have important roles in regulation of growth of the benign and malignant prostate gland. Here, we studied expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in prostate cancer cell lines and in human prostatic tissues. SHP-1 is expressed at a high level in LNCaP prostate cancer cells compared with PC3 cells. Silencing of SHP-1 expression with siRNA in LNCaP cells led to an increased rate of proliferation, whereas overexpression of SHP-1 by means of transient and stable transfection in PC3 cells led to a decrease in proliferation. Corresponding changes were observed in cyclin D1 expression. We further demonstrate that LNCaP and PC3 cells respond differently to IL-6 stimulation. SHP-1 overexpression in PC3 cells reversed IL-6 stimulation of proliferation, whereas in SHP-1-silenced LNCaP cells, IL-6 inhibition of proliferation was not affected. In addition, IL-6 treatment led to higher levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in SHP-1-silenced LNCaP cells than in control cells. Next, SHP-1 expression in human prostate cancer was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays comprising tumor specimens from 100 prostate cancer patients. We found an inverse correlation between the tumor level of SHP-1 expression and time to biochemical recurrence and clinical progression among prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that a decreased level of SHP-1 expression in prostate cancer cells is associated with a high proliferation rate and an increased risk of recurrence or clinical progression after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical detection of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

Tassidis

Brokken

Jirström

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…1,2 Nonspecific binding and reproducibility remain problematic. 1,3,4 Typical immunoreagent selection criteria include affinity determination for an antibody−antigen interaction quantified by the equilibrium constant (K d ).…”

Section: * S Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Kinetic Rates Measured via Electrophoretic Band Crossing in a Pseudohomogeneous Format

Kapil

Herr

2014

Anal. Chem.

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With relevance spanning from immunohistochemistry to immunoassays and therapeutics, antibody reagents play critical roles in the life sciences, clinical chemistry, and clinical medicine. Nevertheless, nonspecific interactions and performance reproducibility remain problematic. Consequently, scalable and efficient analytical tools for informed selection of reliable antibody reagents would have wide impact. Therefore, we introduce a kinetic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (KPAGE) microfluidic assay that directly measures antibody−antigen association and dissociation rate constants, k on and k off .To study antibody−antigen association, an antigen zone is electrophoresed through a zone of immobilized antibody. Upon crossing, the interaction yields a zone of immobilized immunocomplex. To quantify k on, we assess immunocomplex formation for a range of antigen−antibody interaction times. Here, interaction time is controlled by the velocity of the electromigrating antigen zone, which is determined by the strength of the applied electric field. All species are fluorescently labeled. To quantify k off , an immobilized zone of immunocomplex is subjected to in situ buffer dilution, while measuring the decay in immunocomplex concentration. Two approaches for antibody immobilization are detailed: (i) size-exclusion-based antibody immobilization via a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) filter fabricated using polyacrylamide gel and (ii) covalent antibody immobilization realized using a photoactive benzophenone methacrylamide polyacrylamide gel. We determine k on and k off for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and compare to gold-standard values. The KPAGE assay completes in 90 min, requiring 45 ng of often-limited antibody material, thus offering a quantitative antibody screening platform relevant to important but difficult to characterize interaction kinetics.

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“…In the United States, the number of estimated new cases and deaths per year are 241 740 and 28 170, respectively (2). Screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has led to an increased incidence of prostate cancer, but these "screening" cancers are generally smaller and of lower grade and stage than clinically detected cancers, leading to fears of overtreatment (3,4). The aim of active surveillance (AS) is to avoid radical treatment unless disease progression occurs or the individual with prostate cancer decides to undergo treatment.…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate Cancer: Can Multiparametric MR Imaging Help Identify Patients Who Are Candidates for Active Surveillance?

Türkbey

Mani²,

Aras³

et al. 2013

Radiology

197

133

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Purpose:To determine whether multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can help identify patients with prostate cancer who would most appropriately be candidates for active surveillance (AS) according to current guidelines and to compare the results with those of conventional clinical assessment scoring systems, including the D'Amico, Epstein, and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) systems, on the basis of findings at prostatectomy. Materials and Methods:This institutional review board-approved HIPAA-compliant retrospectively designed study included 133 patients (mean age, 59.3 years) with a mean prostate-specific antigen level of 6.73 ng/mL (median, 4.39 ng/mL) who underwent multiparametric MR imaging at 3.0 T before radical prostatectomy. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients were then retrospectively classified as to whether they would have met AS eligibility criteria or were better served by surgery. AS eligibility criteria for prostatectomy specimens were a dominant tumor smaller than 0.5 mL without Gleason 4 or 5 patterns or extracapsular or seminal vesicle invasion. Conventional clinical assessment scores (the D'Amico, Epstein, and CAPRA scoring systems) were compared with multiparametric MR imaging findings for predicting AS candidates. The level of significance of difference between scoring systems was determined by using the x 2 test for categoric variables with the level of significance set at P , .05. Results:Among 133 patients, 14 were eligible for AS on the basis of prostatectomy results. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and overall accuracy, respectively, were 93%, 25%, and 70% for the D'Amico system, 64%, 45%, and 88% for the Epstein criteria, and 93%, 20%, and 59% for the CAPRA scoring system for predicting AS candidates (P , .005 for all, x 2 test), while multiparametric MR imaging had a sensitivity of 93%, a PPV of 57%, and an overall accuracy of 92% (P , .005). Conclusion:Multiparametric MR imaging provides useful additional information to existing clinicopathologic scoring systems of prostate cancer and improves the assignment of treatment (eg, AS or active treatment).q RSNA, 2013 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup /suppl

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Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring

Cited by 750 publications

References 124 publications

Immunohistochemical detection of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

Immunohistochemical detection of tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer

Binding Kinetic Rates Measured via Electrophoretic Band Crossing in a Pseudohomogeneous Format

Prostate Cancer: Can Multiparametric MR Imaging Help Identify Patients Who Are Candidates for Active Surveillance?

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