Prostate-specific antigen in nipple aspirate

Foretová, Lenka; Garber, J.E.; Sadowsky, NormanL.; Verselis, SigitasJ.; Li, FrederickP.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91120-4

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The majority of this variability could be explained by differences between individual women (67-78% for absolute and protein-corrected levels, respectively). There was less variability (14-8% as before) between levels from paired breasts from the same woman, consistent with an earlier report [22], although it still contributed to a significant proportion of the total variability. This result suggests that there may be a degree of systemic hormonal influence on NAF PSA, although it is unlikely to be simply related to hormones of the pituitary-ovarian axis as we did not observe any repeated cyclical change in NAF PSA.…”

Section: Naf Psa Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 91%

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Prostate-Specific Antigen in Nipple Aspiration Fluid: Menstrual Cycle Variability and Correlation with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

Sibley¹,

Sauter²,

A’Hern³

et al. 2002

Tumor Biol

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Objectives: To determine the variability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the breast ductal fluid (nipple aspiration fluid, NAF) during the menstrual cycles of healthy premenopausal women. Methods: Fifteen female volunteers underwent weekly nipple aspiration of ductal fluid from both breasts for the duration of two menstrual cycles. A highly sensitive and specific Third Generation PSA Assay (IMMULITE^®; Diagnostic Products Corporation, DPC) was used to detect NAF and serum PSA. Associations between NAF PSA and paired serum hormone levels of the pituitary-ovarian axis were tested using the Spearman rank correlation and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Analysis of variance on log transformed NAF PSA was used to determine the intra- and intervolunteer variability. Results: NAF PSA ranged from <0.003 to 133,330 ng PSA/g total protein (median 2,030 ng/g). No repeatable pattern of change was observed for individual volunteers and no significant association between NAF PSA and any pituitary-ovarian axis serum hormone was detected. There was no correlation between serum and NAF PSA. Conclusions: Weekly NAF sampling in healthy premenopausal women to provide adequate volumes for PSA analysis was successfully achieved. Considerable variation was observed for NAF PSA, which may limit the future potential for this tumor marker in NAF. This variability was not associated with hormones of the pituitary-ovarian axis and did not show repeated cyclical variability during the menstrual cycle. Serum PSA does not appear to be an acceptable indicator of NAF PSA levels.

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Section: Naf Psa Variabilitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Reports have validated the presence of PSA in NAF and female breast tissue using Western blotting [8,10] and HPLC [11]. The predictive value of 'breast' PSA and the presence of breast cancer remains controversial however, following the most recent report of a lack of association between NAF PSA and breast cancer [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate-Specific Antigen in Nipple Aspiration Fluid: Menstrual Cycle Variability and Correlation with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

Sibley¹,

Sauter²,

A’Hern³

et al. 2002

Tumor Biol

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“…The median was 55 ng/ml, and the range was 0-11,000 ng/ml. PSA values were 50, 164, and 822 ng/ml in the three samples from women with breast cancer [25]. The same group recently published their results in 388 women, which show that nipple fluid PSAs do not differ by tumor status [22].…”

Section: Prostate Antigensmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nipple aspiration in diagnosis of breast cancer

Shao

Nguyen

2001

Seminars in Surgical Oncology

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It has been shown that early detection of breast cancer saves lives. Mammography and physical examination are currently the most commonly utilized screening methods for breast cancer. Research is being carried out to optimize these screening methods, as well as to develop new techniques. This review summarizes the findings of the research focusing on the diagnostic techniques involving the breast ductal system to date. These tests include nipple fluid cytology, nipple fluid tumor markers, ductogram, and ductoscopy.

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“…Prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease, is a useful serum marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer, and was recently found to be expressed at high levels in NAF [36-38]. Although Sauter and coworkers [38] reported lower levels of prostate-specific antigen in NAF from breasts with cancer or precancerous mastopathy, others have failed to show a similar variation with tumour status [39].…”

Section: Candidate Biomarkers In Nipple Aspiration Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductal approaches to assessment and management of women at high risk for developing breast cancer

Locke

Eeles

2004

Breast Cancer Res

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75 ADH = atypical ductal hyperplasia; CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; DE = duct endoscopy; DL = ductal lavage; FISH = fluorescent in situ hybridization; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; MSP = methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction; NA = nipple aspiration; NAF = nipple aspiration fluid; SELDI = surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionisation; TOF = time of flight. Available online http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/6/2/75 IntroductionIn the adult nonpregnant, nonlactating breast, fluid is secreted into the ducts and may contain exfoliated ductal epithelial cells along with foam cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Foam cells, thought to be of macrophage lineage, are the most abundant cells found within ductal fluid. They demonstrate CD68 macrophage-specific antibody staining and are usually negative for cytokeratin markers [1,2].The intraduct approach is an umbrella term for several different techniques, including nipple aspiration (NA), ductal lavage (DL) and duct endoscopy (DE), that allow sampling of breast fluid and exfoliated epithelial cells -the cells at risk for malignant transformation. DE also permits direct visualization of the epithelial lining of the milk ducts. NA and DL are minimally invasive techniques, whereas DE involves the cannulation of the mammary duct system by a fibreoptic ductoscope with an outer diameter typically less than 1 mm.Women may be at significantly increased lifetime risk for developing breast cancer because they have a significant family history of breast or ovarian cancer or a number of personal history factors. They may also be at heightened risk because of carriage of a known deleterious mutation in a highly penetrant breast cancer predisposition gene such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, or other mutations in rarer susceptibility alleles in genes including TP53, PTEN and the recently described lower penetrance 1100delC mutation in the cell cycle checkpoint kinase gene (CHEK 2) [3][4][5][6]. Carriers of mutations in BRCA1/2 have a lifetime risk for developing breast cancer of 60-85%, whereas germ-line mutations in TP53 confer a lifetime risk for breast cancer as high as 90% [7][8][9].Currently, women who carry mutations in high-risk breast cancer predisposition genes must make a difficult choice between regular surveillance, risk-reducing surgery, or taking part in trials of chemopreventive agents. AbstractThe ductal approach to breast cancer, encompassing nipple aspiration, ductal lavage and duct endoscopy, allows assessment of breast ductal epithelial cells and their local microenvironment in a graded process of increasing invasiveness. Samples of ductal epithelial cells sufficient for cytological diagnosis may be safely collected, titres of individual proteins showing variation with breast cancer status may be measured, and abnormal pathology within the breast ducts may be directly visualized. Identification of surrogate molecular markers may facilitate early breast cancer detection, in conjunction with cytological assessment, and be useful for individual prediction of ...

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Prostate-specific antigen in nipple aspirate

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Prostate-Specific Antigen in Nipple Aspiration Fluid: Menstrual Cycle Variability and Correlation with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

Prostate-Specific Antigen in Nipple Aspiration Fluid: Menstrual Cycle Variability and Correlation with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen

Nipple aspiration in diagnosis of breast cancer

Ductal approaches to assessment and management of women at high risk for developing breast cancer

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