Prostate-Specific Antigen to Ascertain Reliability of Self-Reported Coital Exposure to Semen

Gallo, Maria; Behets, Frieda; Steiner, Markus J.; Hobbs, Marcia M.; Hoke, Theresa; Damme, Kathleen Van; Ralimamonjy, Louisette; Raharimalala, Leonardine; Cohen, Myron S.

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000231960.92850.75

Cited by 85 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previously conducted studies [2][3][4]7,[12][13][14][15][16] have typically employed only a single PSA assay. Our findings indicated a remarkable consistency of biomarker results regarding the presence or absence of semen exposure across the three PSA assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies that have compared PSA measurement with self-reported condom use and use problems suggest that PSA provides a more complete measure of condom failure during vaginal intercourse [13][14][15][16]. Methods for measuring PSA, however, vary in characteristics, performance and cost, and their comparability with respect to assessing condom performance has not been adequately evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate-specific antigen as a biomarker of condom failure: comparison of three laboratory assays and self-reported condom use problems in a randomized trial of female condom performance

et al. 2012

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Background-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for semen exposure, may provide a more objective measure of condom failure than subject self-reports. Methods for measuring PSA vary and their comparability with respect to assessing condom performance has not been adequately evaluated. This study compared results from three different PSA assays of vaginal samples collected by subjects in a randomized clinical trial which compared the performance of female condoms.Study Design-We selected 30 pairs of pre-and post-coital vaginal samples from subjects who reported condom functionality problems or whose original PSA assay was positive. Samples were retested using three different PSA assays [quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), rocket immune-electrophoresis (RIE) and chromatographic immunoassay (CIA)]. We compared the proportion of condom uses where the post-coital PSA result indicated semen exposure for each of the three assays.Results-Despite varying levels of sensitivity, the results from all three assays were remarkably consistent. Self-reported condom failures did not correlate well with positive PSA results, suggesting that exclusive reliance on either PSA or user self-report may be inadequate for assessing condom functionality. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptConclusion-In combination with user self-report of condom failure, PSA testing provides a reliable, objective marker of condom functionality. Studies based on PSA testing may improve on conventional contraceptive clinical trials by offering a more direct assessment of a condom product's ability to prevent semen exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate-specific antigen as a biomarker of condom failure: comparison of three laboratory assays and self-reported condom use problems in a randomized trial of female condom performance

et al. 2012

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“…Vaginal swab material was eluted and tested for the presence of PSA, as a marker of recent unprotected sexual intercourse (14,15), using the Seratec PSA semiquant assay (Seratec Diagnostica, Göttingen, Germany). A volume of 150 l of the eluted swab suspension was centrifuged for 10 min at 13,000 ϫ g. After centrifugation, 120 l of supernatant was used for testing according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Selected Genital Tract Immunological Markers and Molecular Vaginal Microbiota in Sub-Saharan African Women, with Relevance to HIV Risk and Prevention

Kyongo

Crucitti

Menten

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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There is a paucity of data on the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with immunological markers and consequently risk of HIV acquisition in various groups of women from SSA. Hormonal variation during the menstrual cycle is accompanied by a transient immune suppression that is necessary to ensure successful fertilization and embryo implantation in the uterus (4). Hormonal differences may result in different mucosal immunological profiles in pregnant women (5, 6) and adolescent girls compared to nonpregnant adult women. Differential exposure to mucosal infections (7) and other behavioral factors that alter HIV acquisition risk such as traditional vaginal practices and having multiple sexual partners might also have an impact on mucosal immunology in the FGT. SSA has the highest prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) (8), which has been associated with greater susceptibility to HIV infection (9) and increased female-to-male HIV-1 transmission (10). All of these factors work in concert and

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“…While the reasons for misreporting in surveys are well-known (e.g., social desirability bias, recall bias), efforts to identify who is more likely to have discrepancies between self-reported survey data and biomarkers, including PSA, have had little success [12,[19][20][21]. In this study, we found that for several women in Group C (concordant), partner influences played a dominant role in their account of why they had unprotected sex, unlike women in Groups A and B (discordant).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies also show that PSA degrades rapidly in the vagina, returning to baseline levels in 24-48 h after exposure [18]. Studies comparing PSA test results with self-reported sexual behaviors have identified high levels of discordance between the two, confirming concerns about the under-reporting of unprotected sexual activity and over-reporting of condom use [7,[19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Discordance Between Biologic and Self-Reported Measures of Semen Exposure: A Qualitative Study Among Female Patients Attending an STI Clinic in Jamaica

Carter¹,

Bailey

Snead³

et al. 2012

AIDS Behav

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Correspondence to: Marion W. Carter, acq0@cdc.gov. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptWe explored the use of qualitative interviews to discuss discrepancies between two sources of information on unprotected sex: biomarker results and self-reported survey data. The study context was a randomized trial in Kingston, Jamaica examining the effect of STI counseling messages on recent sexual behavior using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the primary study outcome. Twenty women were interviewed. Eleven participants were selected because they tested positive for PSA indicating recent semen exposure, yet reported no unprotected sex in a quantitative survey ("discordant"): 5 reported abstinence and 6 reported condom use. Nine participants who also tested positive for PSA but reported unprotected sex in the survey were interviewed for comparison ("concordant"). Qualitative interviews with 6 of the 11 discordant participants provided possible explanations for their PSA test results, and 5 of those were prompted by direct discussion of those results. Rapid PSA testing combined with qualitative interviews provides a novel tool for investigating and complementing self-reported sexual behavior.

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Prostate-Specific Antigen to Ascertain Reliability of Self-Reported Coital Exposure to Semen

Cited by 85 publications

References 25 publications

Prostate-specific antigen as a biomarker of condom failure: comparison of three laboratory assays and self-reported condom use problems in a randomized trial of female condom performance

Prostate-specific antigen as a biomarker of condom failure: comparison of three laboratory assays and self-reported condom use problems in a randomized trial of female condom performance

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Selected Genital Tract Immunological Markers and Molecular Vaginal Microbiota in Sub-Saharan African Women, with Relevance to HIV Risk and Prevention

Exploring Discordance Between Biologic and Self-Reported Measures of Semen Exposure: A Qualitative Study Among Female Patients Attending an STI Clinic in Jamaica

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