Prostatitis: A Review

Yebes, Álvaro; Toribio-Vázquez, Carlos; Martinez-Perez, S; Quesada-Olarte, José; Rodriguez-Serrano, A.; Álvarez‐Maestro, Mario; Martínez‐Piñeiro, Luis

doi:10.1007/s11934-023-01150-z

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…CP is one of the most significant clinical challenges within our urology department because of its enormously increasing incidence, damage to the quality of life, heterogeneous clinical symptoms, and subpar efficacy. 35 New treatment options are currently sorely needed. Although SERT has been widely used for the treatment of CP, the use scenarios and conditions are often unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sertraline Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis by Regulating the TRPV1 Channel

Lao,

Bai,

Guan

et al. 2024

JIR

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sertraline Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis by Regulating the TRPV1 Channel

Lao,

Bai,

Guan

et al. 2024

JIR

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“…A cross-sectional study done on 72 patients with prostatitis revealed that PSA level was elevated above 4 ng/mL in 71% with acute prostatitis, 15% with chronic bacterial prostatitis, and 6% with abacterial prostatitis [ 8 ]. In febrile UTIs in males, the prostate and seminal vesicles are frequently affected, where PSA may be a helpful indicator of prostatic infection, although current guidelines usually do not recommend testing PSA in all patients with acute bacterial prostatitis [ 9 ]. Urine culture is often the first step in diagnosing the condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine culture is often the first step in diagnosing the condition. E. coli remains the most common organism responsible for it, and the first line treatment is fluoroquinolone [ 9 ]. Our patient was resistant to fluoroquinolones, so the initial antibiotic meropenem was de-escalated to ampicillin and later ertapenem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen in Acute Prostatitis: A Case Report

Nepal,

Sharma,

Bhattarai

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are mostly suggestive of prostate cancer, but they are elevated in non-cancerous prostatic conditions as well. However, extreme levels of PSA as reported here have not been observed in cases other than prostatic cancer so far. Our patient had a significantly elevated PSA of 1,398 ng/mL in acute prostatitis. The purpose of this case report is to review the patient's atypical and rare presentation of extremely high PSA in acute prostatitis in the background of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis.

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“…Acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) can progress to chronic inflammation in the absence of proper treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage. This can lead to perineal discomfort and pain and prolong lower urinary tract symptoms, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life 1 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…This can lead to perineal discomfort and pain and prolong lower urinary tract symptoms, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. 1 Yan et al note that general physicians, rather than urologists, are more likely to encounter patients with ABP and often are the initial responders. The authors then provide a comprehensive review of how physicians can avoid missing the diagnosis of ABP and curative treatment options.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial Comments on The harmful effects of overlooking acute bacterial prostatitis

Matsuo,

Imamura

2024

Int J of Urology

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Comments on The harmful effects of overlooking acute bacterial prostatitisAcute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) can progress to chronic inflammation in the absence of proper treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage. This can lead to perineal discomfort and pain and prolong lower urinary tract symptoms, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. 1 Yan et al. note that general physicians, rather than urologists, are more likely to encounter patients with ABP and often are the initial responders. The authors then provide a comprehensive review of how physicians can avoid missing the diagnosis of ABP and curative treatment options. 2 Additionally, they also explain the importance of cooperation, especially regarding treatment, as some conditions, such as cystostomy and transurethral resection, need to be managed by urologists and other specialists. 2 It is also important for urologists to be updated on the diagnosis and treatment of ABP. This is because many cases of ABP are caused by iatrogenic urinary tract infections, often triggered by urethral catheterization, surgery, or even transrectal prostate biopsy. It has been reported that approximately 80% of patients develop bacteremia during transurethral resection of the prostate if perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not used to prevent infection. 3 Furthermore, in case of a transrectal prostate biopsy, even if appropriate infection prevention and disinfection are performed, the possibility of ABP cannot be eliminated. Therefore, transperineal biopsy should be preferred over transrectal procedure, especially in patients with diabetes or those considered to be at greater risk for infection.Later, various studies have been conducted on the relationship between prostate inflammation and cancer development. Among these, carcinogenesis due to the intraprostatic microbiome has attracted attention; however, so far, the specific microbiome that causes prostate cancer has not been identified. On the other hand, in a recent large-scale epidemiological survey conducted on Koreans with a follow-up period of up to 10 years, patients with prostatitis had a higher incidence of prostate cancer than controls without inflammation, and patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer at an average of 4.7 years after developing prostatitis. 4 Hence, longterm follow-up may be required for patients with ABP.Furthermore, these patients had a higher incidence of prostate cancer than those with chronic prostatitis. 4 As mentioned above, the initial treatment for ABP is important, and appropriate measures are required. However, treatment can be difficult, particularly in patients with infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, in the future, detailed research on the development of new drugs and their routes of administration is necessary. We also hope that research on inflammation and cancer development in the prostate will progress and that effective methods for cancer prevention will emerge.

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Prostatitis: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 91 publications

Sertraline Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis by Regulating the TRPV1 Channel

Sertraline Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis by Regulating the TRPV1 Channel

Extremely Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen in Acute Prostatitis: A Case Report

Editorial Comments on The harmful effects of overlooking acute bacterial prostatitis

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