Prostatitis and serum prostate-specific antigen

Sindhwani, Puneet; Wilson, Christopher M.

doi:10.1007/s11934-005-0029-y

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The OR of 0.33 indicated that the presence of CII+ decreased the probability of detecting PSA serum levels ≤Q1 by 67%. These results agree with those of other investigations showing that chronic inflammation is associated with elevated PSA serum levels [23,24,25]. In theory, CII+ is related to increased PSA serum levels if there is contact and disruption of the glandular epithelium of the prostate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prostate Volume Index and Chronic Inflammation of the Prostate Type IV with Respect to the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Porcaro

Novella²,

Molinari³

et al. 2014

Urol Int

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Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCA) alter the normal growth patterns of zonal anatomy with changes of prostate volume (PV). Chronic inflammatory infiltrates (CII) type IV are the most common non-cancer diagnosis of the prostate after biopsy. Objective: To evaluate associations of both PV index (PVI), i.e. the ratio of transitional zone volume (TZV) to peripheral zone volume (PZV), and CII with PCA in patients undergoing biopsy. Subjects and Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2008, 268 consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. PV and TZV were measured by transrectal ultrasound. PZV was computed by subtracting the PV from the TZV. CII were evaluated according to standard criteria. Significant associations of PVI and the presence of CII (CII+) with PCA risk were assessed by statistical methods. Results and Limitations: We evaluated 251 patients after excluding cases with painful rectal examinations, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 μg/ml and metastases. The PCA detection rate was 41.1%. PVI was a negative independent predictor of PCA. A PVI ≤1.0 was directly [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36] associated with PCA, which was detected more frequently in patients with a PVI ≤1.0 (29.1%) than in those with a PVI >1.0 (11.9%). CII+ was inversely (OR = 0.57) and independently associated with PCA, which was detected less frequently in cases with CII (9.9%) than in those without CII (21.1%). Potential study limitations might relate to the fact that PV was not measured by prostatectomy specimens and there was PSA confounding for CII and PCA. Conclusions: Low values of PVI are directly associated with risk of PCA, which was almost 2.5 times higher in patients with a PVI ≤1.0. The PVI might be an effective parameter for clustering patients at risk of PCA. CII+ was inversely associated with risk of PCA and decreased the probability of detecting PCA by 43%. The role of the PVI and CII in PCA carcinogenesis needs further research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prostate Volume Index and Chronic Inflammation of the Prostate Type IV with Respect to the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Porcaro

Novella²,

Molinari³

et al. 2014

Urol Int

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“…Yet elevated PSA in men with histologically favorable risk PCa may be due to concurrent prostatitis while benign prostatic hyperplasia may also cause an elevation. 7,18 Indeed our results further support the notion that higher PSA may be attributable to subclinical benign prostatic hyperplasia because prostate weight between the LP group (PSA less than 10 ng/ml) and the IP plus HP groups (PSA 10 ng/ml or greater) was significantly different (41 vs 47 gm, p = 0.007, data not shown). Therefore while a PSA upper limit of 10 ng/ml provides a convenient diagnostic threshold for clinicians, it should not be a rigid requirement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…7 Moreover although PSA less than 10 ng/ml is a frequently required condition under which many AS protocols operate, 8-11 the current guideline may predispose patients at lower risk with incongruently elevated PSA to aggressive and potentially unnecessary therapies. Specifically urologists infrequently encounter patients with PSA greater than 10 ng/ml but in whom biopsy demonstrates relatively lower risk PCa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Prostate Specific Antigen Greater than 10 ng/ml and Histologically Favorable Risk Prostate Cancer

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2016

Journal of Urology

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Purpose Active surveillance is now the treatment of choice in men with low risk prostate cancer. Although there is no consensus on which patients are eligible for active surveillance, prostate specific antigen above 10 ng/ml is generally excluded. In an attempt to determine the validity of using a prostate specific antigen cutoff of 10 ng/ml to counsel men considering active surveillance we analyzed a multi-institution database to determine the pathological outcome in men with prostate specific antigen greater than 10 ng/ml but histologically favorable risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods We queried a prospectively maintained database of men with histologically favorable risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2003 and 2015. The cohort was categorized into 3 groups based on prostate specific antigen level, including low—less than 10 ng/ml, intermediated—10 or greater to less than 20 and high—20 or greater. Associations of prostate specific antigen group with adverse pathological and oncologic outcomes were analyzed. Results Of 2,125 patients 1,327 were categorized with histologically favorable risk disease. However on multivariate analyses the rates of up staging and upgrading were similar between the intermediate and low prostate specific antigen groups. In contrast compared to the intermediate prostate specific antigen group the high group had higher incidences of up staging (p = 0.02) and upgrading to 4 + 3 or greater disease (p = 0.046). Biochemical recurrence-free survival rates revealed no pairwise intergroup differences except between the low and high groups. Conclusions Patients with preoperatively elevated prostate specific antigen between 10 and less than 20 ng/ml who otherwise had histologically favorable risk prostate cancer were not at higher risk for adverse pathological outcomes than men with prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml.

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“…We previously investigated this question by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of prostate infection, inflammation, and/or cell damage in a small study of young, African-American STI patients (Sutcliffe et al , 2006). We used PSA as a marker because it rises in men with acute bacterial prostatitis and asymptomatic histologic prostate inflammation (Sindhwani and Wilson, 2005). In our previous study, we found that men with exudative STIs were more likely to have a large rise (⩾40%) in PSA during infection than in controls, suggesting that prostate infection occurred in some infected men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration

Sutcliffe¹,

Nevin

Pakpahan

et al. 2011

Br J Cancer

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Background:We investigated prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker of prostate infection, inflammation, and/or cell damage in young, male US military members.Methods:We measured PSA before and during infection for 299 chlamydia, 112 gonorrhoea, and 59 non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) cases, and 256 controls.Results:Chlamydia and gonorrhoea, but not NCNGU, cases were more likely to have a large rise (⩾40%) in PSA than controls (33.6%, 19.1%, and 8.2% vs 8.8%, P<0.0001, 0.021, and 0.92, respectively).Conclusion:Chlamydia and gonorrhoea may infect the prostate of some infected men.

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Prostatitis and serum prostate-specific antigen

Cited by 43 publications

References 50 publications

Prostate Volume Index and Chronic Inflammation of the Prostate Type IV with Respect to the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Prostate Volume Index and Chronic Inflammation of the Prostate Type IV with Respect to the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Pathological Outcome following Radical Prostatectomy in Men with Prostate Specific Antigen Greater than 10 ng/ml and Histologically Favorable Risk Prostate Cancer

Prostate involvement during sexually transmitted infections as measured by prostate-specific antigen concentration

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