Background Failure of endoprosthetic reconstruction with conventional stems due to aseptic loosening remains a challenge for maintenance of limb integrity and function. The Compress 1 implant (Biomet Inc, Warsaw, IN, USA) attempts to avoid aseptic failure by means of a unique technologic innovation. Though the existing literature suggests survivorship of Compress 1 and stemmed implants is similar in the short term, studies are limited by population size and followup duration.Questions/purposes We therefore compared (1) the rate of aseptic failure between Compress 1 and cemented intramedullary stems and (2) evaluated the overall intermediate-term implant survivorship. Methods We reviewed 26 patients with Compress 1 implants and 26 matched patients with cemented intramedullary stems. The patients were operated on over a 3-year period. Analysis focused on factors related to implant survival, including age, sex, diagnosis, infection, aseptic loosening, local recurrence, and fracture. Minimum followup was 0.32 years (average, 6.2 years; range, 0.32-9.2 years).