Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Palraj, Raj; Knoll, Bettina M.; Baddour, Larry M.; Wilson, Walter R.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00083-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 255 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…lastly, second only to Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis causes 13% of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) infections, with high rate of intracardiac abscesses 38% and 24% morality (Otto, 2010). This information is supported by another study (Palraj, Wilson, 2016) which illustrates that although PVE is rare, it's caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci which includes S. epidermidis in 15% to 40% cases (resulting from inoculation at the time of surgery) and manifests within 12 months of valve placement. The bacteria are also a significant cause of many joint replacement implant infections.…”

Section: Staphylococcus Epidermidismentioning

confidence: 89%

Inhibitory effect of Garlic oil, Clove oil and Thyme oil on Micrococcus Luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Al-Shoaibi¹,

Benedicts²

2021

J Stud Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study is aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Garlic, Thyme and Clove essential oils against Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using natural oils to fight the bacteria will limit the usage of antibiotics, reducing the probability of antibiotic resistance which is a global increasing problem. Also, it will eliminate antibiotic side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, Which occurs around 1 in 10 people (NHS, 2019). Antibiotics also have an effect the biofilm layer, causing a decrease in immunity. Micrococcus luteus has shown no growth in the trail run when the extracts where undiluted, nor in the main investigation when dilutions took place. This reveals the susceptibility of the bacteria to the following essential oils. Staphylococcus epidermidis has shown to be more resistant than micrococcus luteus. The oils however have produced a diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ), which means the oils are effective. Clove essential oil has produced the smallest inhibition zones in all concentrations carried out, suggesting that it’s the least effective extract. Thyme oil and clove oil have produced similar results; however, Thyme has shown a stronger antimicrobial effect at the 30 and 40% concentrations, whereas garlic has shown a stronger effect using the 20% concentration which has the highest coefficient of variation at 32.00% suggesting that it’s the least precise result. These results indicate that these essential oils have strong antimicrobial properties suggesting a potential clinical relevance in tackling bacteria.

show abstract

Section: Staphylococcus Epidermidismentioning

confidence: 89%

Inhibitory effect of Garlic oil, Clove oil and Thyme oil on Micrococcus Luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Al-Shoaibi¹,

Benedicts²

2021

J Stud Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Septic embolic encephalitis stands as a rare and potentially life-threatening complication that may manifest subsequent to cardiac valve replacement procedures [1]. The risk of prosthetic valve infection significantly exceeds that of native valves, with an approximate incidence of 1% at 12 months and 3% at 60 months following surgery [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septic Embolic Encephalitis Following Cardiac Valve Replacement

Judd,

Oldham,

Lish

2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a detailed case study of a 48-year-old male who underwent ascending aortic aneurysm repair with a bioprosthetic valve five years prior and subsequently developed septic embolic encephalitis, an infrequent yet critical complication following cardiac valve replacement. The patient exhibited an array of initial symptoms, including generalized weakness, fatigue, fevers, chills, diarrhea, and altered mentation. Microbiological analysis of blood cultures revealed the presence of Enterococcus, and echocardiogram examination demonstrated vegetation on the prosthetic valve. To assess disease progression, diagnostic imaging, including CT scans and MRIs, was conducted at various time points. The imaging results unveiled several abnormalities, including subarachnoid and parenchymal bleeding, cortical infarcts, cerebritis, and meningitis. Additionally, splenic and renal infarcts were observed through an abdominal CT scan. This case report accentuates the paramount role of diagnostic imaging in corroborating suspected septic embolic encephalitis while underscoring the significance of appropriate management of patients with a history of cardiac valve replacement, thereby emphasizing the urgency of timely intervention.

show abstract