Protease-activated indocyanine green nanoprobes for intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging of primary tumors

Abstract

Tumor-targeted fluorescent probes in the near-infrared spectrum can provide invaluable information about the location and extent of primary and metastatic tumors during intraoperative procedures to ensure no residual tumors are...

Chenodeoxycholic Acid-Loaded Nanoparticles Are Sufficient to Decrease Adipocyte Size by Inducing Mitochondrial Function

“…Thus, the size expansion of the hydrogel nanoparticles from a dehydrated to a hydrated state is similar before and after CDCA loading. In both cases, the polydispersity index (PDI) values were below 0.3 (Table ), indicating a homogeneous population of nanoparticles. , The loading efficiency of CDCA-GNPs, when loaded in a 1:10 weight ratio between CDCA and GNPs, was 91.60 ± 0.30%.…”

“…In both cases, the polydispersity index (PDI) values were below 0.3 (Table 1), indicating a homogeneous population of nanoparticles. 40,45 The loading efficiency of CDCA-GNPs, when loaded in a 1:10 weight ratio between CDCA and GNPs, was 91.60 ± 0.30%. The in vitro release profile of CDCA from GNPs in PBS was monitored over 15 days.…”

“…β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cone-shaped cyclic oligosaccharide capable of forming an inclusion complex with hydrophobic molecules via its hydrophobic cavity and is soluble in water due to its hydrophilic exterior surface . Hence, hydrogel materials such as alginate, dextran, PEG, and chitosan coupled with β-CD moieties are implemented as injectable and implantable drug delivery systems. − Gelatin is a natural biodegradable hydrogel material that is well-suited for a variety of drug delivery applications due to its low cost, availability, biodegradability, and the abundance of active groups. − This polyampholytic biopolymer derived from animal collagen can be formulated into nanoparticles with tunable size and mechanical properties, including thermal integrity, surface charge, swelling behavior, and degradation kinetics. Moreover, these nonimmunogenic nanoparticles are easily cleared from the body with no signs of toxicity .…”

Cell-Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for Tumor Delineation and Qualitative Estimation of Cancer Biomarkers at Single Wavelength Excitation in Murine and Phantom Models

“…With the advent of nanotechnology, different nanoparticle-based contrast agents have been developed for FIGS applications including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, metallic nanoparticles, and organic nanoparticles. − Recently, semiconducting polymeric nanoparticles (SPNs) have emerged as a promising class of imaging nanoagents composed of optically active semiconducting polymers (SPs) that are completely organic and biologically inert. These nanoagents could essentially lower issues posed by heavy metal ion-induced toxicity to living organisms. ,− Owing to their high absorption coefficients and tunable dimensions, SPNs have been utilized for a multitude of applications such as cell tracking, tumor imaging, brain imaging, and drug-induced hepatotoxicity evaluation. − Nevertheless, all these nanoparticle-based contrast agents suffer from at least one issue that has been limiting their potential clinical applications including (i) rapid clearance from the blood and subsequent filtration by the renal and reticuloendothelial system (RES), (ii) increased nonspecific binding from proteins impeding the tumor-targeting capability, (iii) variable brightness of the probe in an in vivo scenario resulting in low tumor to normal tissue ratio, and (iv) limited time frame in which the imaging needs to be done due to eventual fluorescence quenching of the probe.…”