Protease production by free and immobilized cells of the cold-adapted yeast Cryptococcus victoriae CA-8

Adaptation, production, and biotechnological potential of cold-adapted proteases from psychrophiles and psychrotrophs: recent overview

“…In recent times, Antarctic cold habitats such as deep-sea sediment, Prydz Bay [ 11 ]; soil samples, King George Island [ 12 – 15 ]; seawater and krill [ 16 ]; marine water, Casey Station [ 17 ]; and penguin feathers [ 18 ] have been explored for isolation of cold-adapted protease-producing microorganisms. Other cold environments inhabiting cold-adapted protease-producing microorganisms are Japanese deep-sea water [ 19 ], yellow sea [ 20 , 21 ], Ikka Fjord and surficial sediments in Greenland [ 22 ], deep-sea mud in Eastern Indian Ocean [ 23 ], and Bolu Mountain and Erzurum soil in Turkey [ 24 , 25 ]. Cold-adapted protease producers have been isolated from soil samples of various Indian Himalayan regions such as Lahaul and Spiti [ 26 ], Kashmir apple garden [ 27 ], Thajiwas glacier [ 28 ], Gangotri glacier [ 29 ], and Wular Lake [ 30 ].…”

“… Himalayan cold soil [ 26 ] Stenotrophomonas sp. Thajiwas glacier soil [ 28 ] Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Gangotri glacier soil [ 29 ] Fungi Geomyces pannorum Antarctica [ 15 ] Penicillium nalgiovense Moldy sausage [ 40 ] Yeast Cryptococcus victoriae Turkish soil [ 25 ] Glaciozyma antarctica Antarctic marine water [ 17 ] Goffeauzyma gilvescens Antarctic soil [ 14 ] Naganishia globosa Antarctic soil [ 14 ] Naganishia adeliensis Antarctic soil [ 14 ] Naganishia albida Antarctic soil [ 14 ] Sporobolomyces roseus Water of disused silver and lead mine [ 31 ] Yamadazyma spp. Water, leaf, and grass from mountain [ 24 ] …”

“…was observed to be growth-dependent, and the highest production was achieved after 6 days of incubation [ 32 ]. The Cryptococcus victoriae produced maximum cold-adapted protease for immobilized cells (13.4 U/ml) and free cells (12.1 U/ml) after 72 and 96 h of incubation respectively [ 25 ]. The extracellular protease production by Planococcus sp.…”

“…Temperature is a significant parameter that has to be controlled and varies greatly between cold-adapted microorganisms for maximum protease production and cell growth. Both free and immobilized cells by Cryptococcus victoriae showed maximum protease and biomass production at 15 °C [ 25 ]. A similar temperature of 15 °C was required for maximum protease production by Bacillus subtilis [ 30 ] and Pedobacter cryoconitis [ 61 ].…”

Two layered strategy for cost effective production of pectinase: immobilization of yeast and utilization of crude substrate

“…Similarly, another experiment was conducted using CaCl 2 solution prepared in 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8). Likewise, different combinations of NA and CaCl 2 solutions were prepared in different solvents to investigate the most suitable combination (Unver et al, 2015).…”