2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010361
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Proteasome Inhibitors Interrupt the Activation of Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Induce Cell Apoptosis in Cytarabine-Resistant HL60 Cells

Abstract: Over half of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) do not respond to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and most responders relapse because of drug resistance. Cytarabine is the main drug used for the treatment of AML. Intensive treatment with high-dose cytarabine can increase the overall survival rate and reduce the relapse rate, but it also increases the likelihood of drug-related side effects. To optimize cytarabine treatment, understanding the mechanism underlying cytarabine resistance in leukemia is neces… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Acquired resistance to venetoclax in AML cell lines is dependent on NF-κB activation 38 , and the expression of numerous genes associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway is also altered during the development of cytarabine resistance. Proteasome inhibitors that reduce the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway could induce apoptosis in cytarabine-resistant AML cells 39 . Additionally, NF-κB facilitates establishing AML drug resistance by controlling P-gp-mediated expression of the MDR1 gene 40 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Acquired resistance to venetoclax in AML cell lines is dependent on NF-κB activation 38 , and the expression of numerous genes associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway is also altered during the development of cytarabine resistance. Proteasome inhibitors that reduce the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway could induce apoptosis in cytarabine-resistant AML cells 39 . Additionally, NF-κB facilitates establishing AML drug resistance by controlling P-gp-mediated expression of the MDR1 gene 40 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following the methods in study [ 21 ], MOLM13 and MV4-11 cells are cultivated in IMDM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 environment, and sub-cultured every 2–3 days. For drug-resistance establishment, the induction begins at IC50 of cytarabine.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intensive therapy with high-dose cytarabine improves the overall survival rate and reduces AML recurrence; however, the risk of drug-related side effects is also increased. AML treatment in older patients has not improved significantly in recent decades compared with that in younger patients ( 7 ). A more thorough understanding of the drug resistance mechanisms is required to provide effective cancer treatments and improve outcomes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cytarabine then incorporates into DNA strands during the S phase of the cell cycle to inhibit DNA synthesis ( 8 ). Insufficient cellular uptake and retention of cytarabine, overexpression of enzymes that inactivate cytarabine, increased cellular deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) pool, and increased DNA repair are the main mechanisms of cytarabine resistance ( 7 ). Overall, the reduced expression of human equilibrating nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) play pivotal roles during the development of cytarabine resistance in leukemia cells ( 7 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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