Protected areas and extractive hegemony: A case study of marine protected areas in the Qikiqtani (Baffin Island) region of Nunavut, Canada

Bernauer, Warren; Roth, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.01.011

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…But although the government of Canada is supporting IPCAs through certain initiatives, the country's extractivist development model (Bernauer and Roth, 2021;Peyton and Franks, 2016) along with jurisdictional inconsistencies (Willow, 2012) are undermining the establishment and long-term viability of many IPCAs. As it stands, the traditional territories and proposed or declared IPCAs of many Indigenous nations are overlain with various tenures (e.g.…”

Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada, both extractive industry and state-led conservation have facilitated this alienation (Bernauer and Roth, 2021;Binnema and Niemi, 2006;Youdelis, 2016). Bernauer and Roth (2021) note that "Canada's imperialist project, both at home and abroad, is and always has been extractivist", meaning that "development programs…look to capitalist extraction as a primary driver of national development" (p. 210; see also Peyton and Franks, 2015). The fur trade aside, Canada's extractive economies required and proceeded through the dispossession of Indigenous peoples through a multitude of strategies, ranging from treaty negotiations, to direct military invasion, to the abduction of children for residential schooling, among others (Barkwell, 2005;Bernauer and Roth, 2021;Coulthard, 2014;Daschuk, 2013;Miller, 2009;Pasternak et al, 2013;TRC, 2015;Watkins, 1977;Zalik, 2011).…”

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bernauer and Roth (2021) note that "Canada's imperialist project, both at home and abroad, is and always has been extractivist", meaning that "development programs…look to capitalist extraction as a primary driver of national development" (p. 210; see also Peyton and Franks, 2015). The fur trade aside, Canada's extractive economies required and proceeded through the dispossession of Indigenous peoples through a multitude of strategies, ranging from treaty negotiations, to direct military invasion, to the abduction of children for residential schooling, among others (Barkwell, 2005;Bernauer and Roth, 2021;Coulthard, 2014;Daschuk, 2013;Miller, 2009;Pasternak et al, 2013;TRC, 2015;Watkins, 1977;Zalik, 2011). While strategies since the 1960s rely more heavily on persuasion and manufacturing consent (Couldhard, 2014;Bernauer and Roth, 2021), extractive industry continues to undergird the very structure of settler colonialism as it undermines the sovereignty, lands and waters of many nations across the country (Yellowhead Institute, 2019).…”

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like extractive capital, state-led conservation has historically been a tool of colonial territorialization. Protected areas have served to expand the territorial control of colonial and modern states by displacing Indigenous peoples from their territories, most often for capitalist gain (Agrawal and Redford, 2009;Bernauer and Roth, 2021;Büscher and Davidov, 2013;Chatty and Colchester, 2002;Dowie, 2009;Youdelis, 2016;West et al, 2006). In Canada, as elsewhere (Lunstrum, 2016;Neumann, 1998;Vandergeest and Peluso, 1995), Indigenous peoples were alienated, and at times forcefully removed in the name of "conservation", from the territories they had long managed sustainably (Binnema and Niemi, 2006;MacLaren, 2007;Sandlos, 2008).…”

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decolonial conservation: establishing Indigenous Protected Areas for future generations in the face of extractive capitalism

Youdelis

Townsend

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2021

Journal of Political Ecology

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Extractive capitalism has long been the driving force of settler colonialism in Canada, and continues to threaten the sovereignty, lands and waters of Indigenous nations across the country. While ostensibly counterposed to extractivism, state-led conservation has similarly served to alienate Indigenous peoples from their territories, often for capitalist gain. Recognizing the inadequacy of the colonial-capitalist conservation paradigm to redress the biodiversity crisis, scholars in political ecology increasingly call for radical, convivial alternatives rooted in equity and justice. Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs) are one such alternative, representing a paradigm shift from colonial to Indigenous-led conservation that reinvigorates Indigenous knowledge and governance systems. Since the Indigenous Circle of Experts finalized a report in 2018 on how IPCAs could contribute to Canada's conservation targets and reconciliation efforts, an increasing number of Indigenous stewardship initiatives across the country have been declared as IPCAs. These initiatives are assertions of Indigenous sovereignty, inherent rights, and responsibilities to their territories, as well as movements to rejuvenate biocultural conservation. Although Canada is supporting IPCAs through certain initiatives, the country's extractivist development model along with jurisdictional inconsistencies are undermining the establishment and long-term viability of many IPCAs. This paper explores two instances where Indigenous governments have established, or are establishing, IPCAs as novel strategies for land and water protection within long histories of resistance to colonial-capitalist exploitation. We argue that there is a paradoxical tension in Canadian conservation whereby Indigenous-led conservation is promoted in theory, while being undermined in practice. IPCAs offer glimpses of productive, alternative sustainabilities that move away from the colonial-capitalist paradigm, but are being challenged by governments and industries that still fail to respect Indigenous jurisdiction.

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Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonialism Conservation and Extractive Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Decolonial conservation: establishing Indigenous Protected Areas for future generations in the face of extractive capitalism

Youdelis

Townsend

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2021

Journal of Political Ecology

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Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies

Harrison,

London

2024

Geoforum

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“We don’t have a lot of trees, but by God, do we have a lot of fish”: imagining postcolonial futures for the Nunatsiavut fishing industry

Cadman,

Snook,

Goudie

et al. 2024

AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples

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Telling stories can be an empowering exercise, providing important insights into the values and priorities of the storytellers. This article shares stories told during a participatory scenario planning process among Inuit, an Indigenous People of northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, USA. This research takes place in Nunatsiavut, a land claim area in Labrador, Canada, to explore how visions provide insights into postcolonial futures for the fishing industry. Beginning in 2019, a group of fisheries stakeholders and managers came together to create a visioning process that would help them to develop consensus around priorities for the industry. Facilitated by university researchers, Inuit in the commercial fishing industry participated in an iterative data-collection process that involved interviews and a workshop. This article shares what was found during the scenario-planning process and position stories of the future within the context of Indigenous sovereignty.

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Protected areas and extractive hegemony: A case study of marine protected areas in the Qikiqtani (Baffin Island) region of Nunavut, Canada

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Decolonial conservation: establishing Indigenous Protected Areas for future generations in the face of extractive capitalism

Decolonial conservation: establishing Indigenous Protected Areas for future generations in the face of extractive capitalism

Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies

“We don’t have a lot of trees, but by God, do we have a lot of fish”: imagining postcolonial futures for the Nunatsiavut fishing industry

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