Protected areas fail to cover the full annual cycle of migratory butterflies

Chowdhury, Shawan; Cardillo, Marcel; Chapman, Jason W.; Norris, D. Ryan; Riva, Federico; Zalucki, Myron P.; Fuller, Richard A.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2256859/v1

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References 42 publications

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“…Protected areas and other conserved areas have, and will continue to be, a significant global tool to conserve threatened and endemic biodiversity (Chowdhury, Jennions, et al, 2022; Watson et al, 2014). Only 17% of migratory butterfly species are adequately protected by protected areas globally (Chowdhury, Cardillo et al, 2022). Future studies could identify new protected areas using spatial prioritisation approaches to adequately protect the habitats of migratory butterflies and to meet the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework targets (Chowdhury, Jennions, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and progress in studying butterfly migration

Chowdhury

Zalucki

Amano

et al. 2022

Integrative Conservation

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BackgroundSeveral hundred butter y species show some form of migratory behaviour. Here we identify how the methodologies available for studying butter y migration have changed over time, and document geographic and taxonomic foci in the study of butter y migration. MethodWe review publications on butter y migration published in six languages [English, Simpli ed Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish], summarise how migration in butter ies has been studied, explore geographic and taxonomic patterns in the knowledge base, and outline key future research directions. ResultsUsing English search keywords, we found only 58 studies from Asia; however, after searching in local languages, we found an additional 99 relevant studies from China, Japan, and Taiwan. Overall, butter y migration studies are mostly concentrated in North America and Europe, with only 4.6% from Africa. Most studies focus on three species: monarch [Danaus plexippus], painted lady [Vanessa cardui] and red admiral [Vanessa atalanta]. About 62% of publications are focused on the monarch, with nearly 50% of migratory butter ies mentioned in no more than a single paper. ConclusionsSeveral research methods have been applied to ascribe migratory status and to study the physiology, neurobiology, and ecology of migration; however, virtually all this research is focused on a handful of species. There remain hundreds of species for which we do not understand the full seasonal pattern of movement, ight destinations, wintering, or breeding grounds. A full understanding of movement ecology and migratory connectivity is needed to effectively conserve migratory butter ies.'Butter y migration' and 'Migratory butter ies' we searched in Google Scholar for papers in Simpli ed [' ', ' ', ' ' and ' ''] and Traditional [' ', ' ', ' ' and ' ] Chinese, Japanese [' ' ' ', ' ', ' '], Korean [' ' and ' '] and Spanish ['Mariposas migratorias' and 'Migración de mariposas']. Because some of the relevant Japanese literature may not be found using the keywords, ' , ' and ' ', we made an additional search using the keywords, ' ' and ' '.

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