Protected Areas under Weak Institutions: Evidence from Colombia

Bonilla‐Mejía, Leonardo; Higuera-Mendieta, Iván

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.019

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Conversely, our results show that ITs, OAs, and Community Managed PAs tend to secure larger carbon stocks than their surroundings, and this difference tends to increase towards the least accessible areas. Similar results were found in ITs with granted property rights in Brazil(27) and titled IT's in Colombia(26) which gradually decrease deforestation inside their boundaries. These gradual reductions in deforestation and degradation imply that indigenous and community land use, presumably for local livelihoods, reduce carbon stocks in the most accessible forests while conserving core areas.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…For example, PAs from Colombia seem only to avoid carbon stock losses more than 5 km inside their boundaries in 2003 and 2016. These spatial patterns are not due to recent anthropogenic pressures and confirm the inability of PAs' to reduce forest loss inside their boundaries(26,42,43). Conversely, our results show that ITs, OAs, and Community Managed PAs tend to secure larger carbon stocks than their surroundings, and this difference tends to increase towards the least accessible areas.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…To identify the spatial implications of matching analysis in quantifying forest conservation, we estimated the distance of observation units to the boundaries of protected lands (Fig 6, Table 3). boundaries (26,27). Our study presents an integrated approach.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs

Alejo

Meyer

Walker

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Indigenous Territories (ITs) and Community Managed Protected Areas (PAs) with less restriction on forest use than integral PAs may represent cost-effective natural climate solutions to meet the Paris agreement. However, the literature has been limited to examining the effect of ITs and Community Managed PAs on deforestation, despite the influence of anthropogenic degradation. Thus, little is known about the temporal and spatial effect of allocating ITs and Community Managed PAs on carbon stocks dynamics that account for losses from deforestation and degradation. Using Amazon Basin countries and Panama at the national level, and Petén (Guatemala) and Acre (Brazil) at the subnational level, this study aims to estimate the temporal and spatial effects of ITs and PAs on carbon stocks. To estimate the temporal effects, we use annual carbon density maps, matching analysis, and linear mixed models. Furthermore, we explore the spatial biases derived from matching analysis and use geographic discontinuity designs to assess the spatial effect of PAs and ITs boundaries on carbon stocks. The temporal effects highlight that allocating ITs preserves carbon stocks and buffer losses as PAs in Panama and Amazon Basin countries. Community Managed PAs temporal effect on carbon stocks surpasses that of integral PAs in Petén (Guatemala) and Acre (Brazil). The geographic discontinuity designs reveal that ITs and Community Managed PAs boundaries secure more extensive carbon stocks than their surroundings, and this difference tends to increase towards the least accessible areas. These results also suggest that indigenous and community land-use in neotropical forests may have a limited and stable spatial impact on carbon stocks. Our findings imply that ITs and Community Managed PAs in neotropical forests support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Thus, Indigenous peoples and local communities must become recipients of countries’ results-based payments.

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supporting

confidence: 76%

supporting

confidence: 66%

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Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs

Alejo

Meyer

Walker

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…5a; see Fig. S2 for a detailed map of the region) (https://bit.ly/2UFptjy; Betts et al 2017;Armenteras et al 2019;Bonilla-Mejía and Higuera-Mendieta 2019). These sites should be priority areas for conservation for the following reasons: (a) both sites are home to cacao CWR (Table S1); (b) this region has the largest continuous well-preserved forest in the Caquetá Department and connects the recently expanded Chiribiquete National Park with the Caquetá-Putumayo regions; and (c) this region has unique climatic conditions ( Fig.…”

Section: Conservation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the diversity and distribution of crop wild relatives of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia

González‐Orozco

Galán²,

Ramos

et al. 2020

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Crop wild relatives are important for agriculture because they contain high levels of genetic diversity and grow in a wide range of habitats and environments. Colombia has the largest number of cacao crop wild relatives in the world, including different species of the genus Theobroma and its sister genus Herrania. This paper investigates diversity and distribution of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia using species occurrences extracted from museum and herbarium archives, fieldwork collections gathered on recently conducted expeditions and species distribution modelling. A total of 211 botanical collections comprising 174 samples of Theobroma species, and 37 samples of Herrania species were collected on expeditions to Caguán–Caquetá in the upper Amazon basin and La Victoria, in the Pacific region of central Choco. These collections represent 22 taxa of cacao crop wild relatives. On the Chocó expedition, we reported the highest richness and endemism, where seven taxa of Theobroma and three of Herrania were found within a radius of 10 km, which has never been recorded before. On the Amazon expedition, we found an abundance of wild populations of Theobroma cacao on the river banks. We estimated that 95% of the most suitable environments for wild cacao in Colombia are in unprotected areas. Our study reveals that species diversity and endemism of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia is under sampled and distributional patterns are incomplete. Based on the findings of our study, we propose a conservation strategy that consists of further expeditions to collect herbarium and germplasm samples, and habitat protection of cacao crop wild relatives in Colombia.

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“…These departments recognized collective land rights for Afro-Colombian (52,225 km 2 ), and indigenous groups (17,973 km 2 ) through a land reform that took place in the 1990s. According to the law, these collective lands are imprescriptible, inalienable and indefensible [24].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Forest Loss in a Megadiverse Hotspot on the Pacific Coast of Colombia

et al. 2020

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Tropical forests are disappearing at unprecedented rates, but the drivers behind this transformation are not always clear. This limits the decision-making processes and the effectiveness of forest management policies. In this paper, we address the extent and drivers of deforestation of the Choco biodiversity hotspot, which has not received much scientific attention despite its high levels of plant diversity and endemism. The climate is characterized by persistent cloud cover which is a challenge for land cover mapping from optical satellite imagery. By using Google Earth Engine to select pixels with minimal cloud content and applying a random forest classifier to Landsat and Sentinel data, we produced a wall-to-wall land cover map, enabling a diagnosis of the status and drivers of forest loss in the region. Analyses of these new maps together with information from illicit crops and alluvial mining uncovered the pressure over intact forests. According to Global Forest Change (GFC) data, 2324 km2 were deforested in this area from 2001 to 2018, reaching a maximum in 2016 and 2017. We found that 68% of the area is covered by broadleaf forests (67,473 km2) and 15% by shrublands (14,483 km2), the latter with enormous potential to promote restoration projects. This paper provides a new insight into the conservation of this exceptional forest with a discussion of the drivers of forest loss, where illicit crops and alluvial mining were found to be responsible for 60% of forest loss.

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Protected Areas under Weak Institutions: Evidence from Colombia

Cited by 66 publications

References 39 publications

Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs

Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs

Exploring the diversity and distribution of crop wild relatives of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia

Drivers of Forest Loss in a Megadiverse Hotspot on the Pacific Coast of Colombia

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