Protecting hidden infrastructure: The security politics of the global submarine data cable network

Bueger, Christian; Liebetrau, Tobias

doi:10.1080/13523260.2021.1907129

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Many articles have proposed ways to mitigate cable failures [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], and therefo these topics are not explored further herein. We propose only one routing design conc in this review, which can be used to collect data from fishing authorities, maritime sup vision, and other related units to account for the activities of ships in the routing sea ar For example, the international submarine cable monitoring system on Chongming Isla…”

Section: Optimizing the Routing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Review of Cabled Ocean Observatories

Shu,

Lyu,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Cabled ocean observatories (COOs) have enabled real-time in situ ocean observations for decades, thereby facilitating oceanic understanding and exploration. This review discusses typical COOs worldwide in terms of system configurations and state-of-the-art technology, including network structures, power supply modes, and communication capabilities, and provides a comprehensive analysis of their technical routes. The main characteristics of line, ring, star, and grid networks and their applicability in COOs are elucidated, and the advantages and disadvantages of various power supply modes, as well as the opportunities brought by the development of communication technologies, are described. The insights gained from these discussions can inform the implementation of grid structures, optimization of cable routings, expansion of COO scales, application of dual-conductor submarine cables, and upgrading of communication capacity. On this basis, the challenges and future research directions related to COOs are presented.

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Section: Optimizing the Routing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Review of Cabled Ocean Observatories

Shu,

Lyu,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…On the policy level, it is identified that there is a civil-military divide in relation to infrastructure resilience, despite the fact that military operations are dependent on infrastructure [43]. Constructive system-level suggestions for how to bridge these identified challenges are not easily identified.…”

Section: Military Responses To the Development Of The Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future National Energy Systems, Energy Security and Comprehensive National Defence

Liwång

2023

Energies

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This study addresses energy security from the perspective of comprehensive national defence, especially the interaction between military and civilian aspects of defence. Civilian infrastructure is seldom configured or developed with defence in focus. Therefore, with the aim of facilitating a system-level discussion, this study takes two steps. The first step is to develop indicators for assessing energy security in a comprehensive national defence setting. The second step is to qualitatively assess the effect on energy security from three different energy development scenarios related to either the development of local solar, wind, and bio-power production and storage; an increased resilience of the high voltage electric power transmission system; or an increase in large hydropower and nuclear power production. The study identifies that there are positive systemic effects of increasing the diversity of the energy system, especially for solutions that do not need external supply and do not risk creating large-scale effects if attacked. However, these changes to the energy system also lead to local changes that affect warfighting and defence. Such changes can be met by updated tactics and technology that would also give the defending force an advantage.

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“…Finally, data cables may be deliberately targeted by hostile actors, whether those be states engaging in hybrid warfare or digital surveillance activities, terrorist groups seeking to cause economic disruption, or organised criminal groups looking to extort money from governments or businesses. 32 The UK needs to consider how best to strengthen its ability to prepare for and respond to disruption to the undersea cable network. In part, this is about sustaining the capacity to deter, detect and disrupt potential attacks on the cable network by hostile actors.…”

Section: The Emerging Need For Data Cable Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation and New Strategic Choices

Bueger

Edmunds²,

Edwards

2021

The RUSI Journal

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2021 is a key moment of opportunity for UK maritime security. The publication of the government's Integrated Review in March is being followed by a systematic 'refresh' of the UK's 2014 National Strategy for Maritime Security. In this article, Christian Bueger, Timothy Edmunds and Scott Edwards examine the role and significance of this strategy refresh, consider key priority issues for enhancing maritime security, and reflect on the challenges and opportunities that policymakers will face turning strategy into action. They conclude by arguing that getting maritime security right will be critical to delivering on the UK's ambitions in security and foreign policy more widely.

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Protecting hidden infrastructure: The security politics of the global submarine data cable network

Cited by 30 publications

References 70 publications

Technology Review of Cabled Ocean Observatories

Technology Review of Cabled Ocean Observatories

Future National Energy Systems, Energy Security and Comprehensive National Defence

Innovation and New Strategic Choices

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