Protecting silver cultural heritage objects with atomic layer deposited corrosion barriers

Marquardt, Amy E.; Breitung, Eric M.; Drayman-Weisser, Terry; Gates, Glenn; Phaneuf, R. J.

doi:10.1186/s40494-015-0066-x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, the durability of the efficiency of these treatment is questioned. Concerning the specific case of silver, submitted to a tarnishing effect in several environment, some successful attempts were made by using nanotechnology to develop a nanometre scale protective layer (Marquardt et al 2015). For this metal, nitrocellulose treatments, manually applied are usually used.…”

Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cultural heritage applications, the thickness of the coating layer must be sufficiently thick to be an effective diffusion barrier for corrosion processes and sufficiently thin to be Fig. 10 Different stages of ALD for an Al 2 O 3 coating (Marquardt et al 2015) optically transparent. Recent studies demonstrate that this optimal layer is about 20-100 nm (Paussa et al 2011;Marquardt et al 2015).…”

Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Different stages of ALD for an Al 2 O 3 coating (Marquardt et al 2015) optically transparent. Recent studies demonstrate that this optimal layer is about 20-100 nm (Paussa et al 2011;Marquardt et al 2015). As ALD is a non directional technique (contrary to spray based technique for example), all surfaces of even a complex artefact can be coated uniformly.…”

Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

Dillmann

2016

Nanoscience and Cultural Heritage

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International audienceMetallic artefacts are an important part of the cultural heritage and must be protected for the future generations. Unfortunately, classical metal protection methods used for example in industry, can in most of cases not be used in the context of the conservation of cultural heritage because artefacts must not be aesthetically modified and any protection treatment must be potentially removable without any damage to the artefact. For that reason, to set up efficient conservation strategies, it is necessary to understand and model the long term corrosion mechanisms. In addition to environmental monitoring and empirical approaches, the fine understanding of the corrosion systems, based on the use of multiscale character-isation techniques and methodologies is a key issue to understand the mechanisms and evaluate the degradation rates. This chapter reviews the cases for which investigations at nano scales are necessary to understand and model in a reliable way the corrosion behaviour of different metals (ferrous alloys and bronzes). Nanoscale investigation, also allows scientists to understand the way intentional patinas were made on ancient bronzes. Lastly, an example of the use of nan-otechnology to set up an adapted and innovative protective treatment is given

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Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano Coatings Against Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

Dillmann

2016

Nanoscience and Cultural Heritage

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] To establish adequate conservation treatments, it is fundamental to identify the corrosion products formed at the surface and to fully describe the corrosion mechanisms. Although there is signicant research in this area, the inuence of the constituent elements of the silver alloy on the corrosion mechanism is far away from being clearly identied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the constituent elements on the corrosion mechanisms of silver alloys in sulphide environments: the case of sterling silver

et al. 2017

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The corrosion of copper and silver in sulphide environments was assessed by several analytical techniques to investigate the influence of each one on the corrosion of sterling silver. The surface colour changes with the immersion time due to the formation of corrosion products composed of particles with distinct sizes and shapes and the consequent layer thickening. Ag 2 S is the main corrosion product of silver. At early stages of corrosion, Cu develops Cu 2 O and Cu 2 S, and later Cu 2 O again. After the corrosion of sterling silver, pure Cu and Ag are compared, and the predominant influence of Cu at the first stages may be suggested whilst Ag mainly contributes to longer corrosion stages. The layer-by-layer corrosion structure observed for the sulphidation of sterling silver was not observed for its constituent elements.

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“…ALD is a technique that was developed for use in microelectronics and allows for the buildup of an amorphous oxide film, one atom layer at a time. In previous work, our group has shown that ALD coatings can prevent tarnishing by acting as a diffusion barrier between silver objects and atmospheric corrosive species [4]. Benefits of this technique include atomic level uniformity of the coating regardless of object's topography, ease of removal using mild alkali solutions, and minimal impact on the object's appearance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Effectiveness of Atomic Layer Deposited Coatings for the Prevention of Glass Disease

2017

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Glass disease, the broad term used to describe the process by which historic glass objects degrade, presents a particularly challenging problem for museum curators and conservators. This challenge stems from both an imprecise understanding of how glass disease progresses and a lack of treatment options to slow or stop it. This work is a joint investigation by the University of Maryland, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Smithsonian Institution, Museum Conservation Institute that is aimed at both testing and building upon recent findings by the glass science community about the chemistry and kinetics of glass disease, and proposing a potential treatment option.Conventional museum practice for glass conservation is often based upon untested assumptions; as an example, a common suggestion is that the progression of object degradation due to glass disease stems from a loss of water, i.e., that "drying out" is the cause of the cracking and opacification often observed [1]. In contrast, recent work from glass science literature [2,3], as well as our own results, suggest that the opposite is, in fact, responsible for the onset and progression of glass disease. We have observed early stages of glass disease on samples that have been continuously submerged in aqueous solutions. These results indicate that effective preservation strategies must focus on preventing water from contacting the surface of the glass.We are able to prevent the direct contact of water with the surface of glass objects through the application of a highly impermeable coating using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). ALD is a technique that was developed for use in microelectronics and allows for the buildup of an amorphous oxide film, one atom layer at a time. In previous work, our group has shown that ALD coatings can prevent tarnishing by acting as a diffusion barrier between silver objects and atmospheric corrosive species [4]. Benefits of this technique include atomic level uniformity of the coating regardless of object's topography, ease of removal using mild alkali solutions, and minimal impact on the object's appearance.Early results have been obtained by comparing the structural evolution of the near-surface region of glass samples with and without ALD coatings after a series of accelerated aging/aqueous acidic immersion experiments as observed in light microscopy, and the chemical changes that occur during the ion exchange reaction that drives the process as determined via x-ray microanalysis. A significant finding in our studies is that crack formation nucleates at the interface between the corrosion layer and the underlying pristine glass, and not at the sample surface as has sometimes been previously assumed [ Fig.1]. Scanning electron microscopy-based energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis showed migration of sodium ions in the glass matrix due to acid attack. We have found direct evidence for the depletion of sodium around the cracks in the corroded gel layer, as well as precipitate products both in t...

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Protecting silver cultural heritage objects with atomic layer deposited corrosion barriers

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

Nanoscale Aspects of Corrosion on Cultural Heritage Metals

The influence of the constituent elements on the corrosion mechanisms of silver alloys in sulphide environments: the case of sterling silver

Characterizing the Effectiveness of Atomic Layer Deposited Coatings for the Prevention of Glass Disease

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