“…This tripartite model is important because previous researchers have shown that egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric values differentially predict engagement in PEB. Those harboring egoistic concern are much less likely to engage in reported PEB (Arnocky & Stroink, 2011;Arnocky et al, 2007;Davis & Stroink, 2016;Schultz et al, 2005), unless framed in terms of self-interest and personal benefits (De Dominicis, Schultz, & Bonaiuto, 2017). This may be because egoistic concern denotes a shallow level of nature connectedness, an individualistic definition of self, and a proclivity toward enhancing one's own gains over others (i.e., self-enhancement; Davis & Stroink, 2016;De Groot & Steg, 2009;Schultz, 2001;Schultz & Zelezny, 1999).…”