Protecting the peri-domestic environment: the challenge for eliminating residual malaria

Pollard, Edgar J. M.; MacLaren, David; Russell, Tanya L.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63994-6

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…where and when residual transmission is expected to occur. Numerous studies have used this model in Africa [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. However until now, only one of these studies has reported exposure estimates for sites located in Burkina Faso [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying and characterizing hourly human exposure to malaria vectors bites to address residual malaria transmission during dry and rainy seasons in rural Southwest Burkina Faso

et al. 2021

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Background To sustain the efficacy of malaria vector control, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the combination of effective tools. Before designing and implementing additional strategies in any setting, it is critical to monitor or predict when and where transmission occurs. However, to date, very few studies have quantified the behavioural interactions between humans and Anopheles vectors in Africa. Here, we characterized residual transmission in a rural area of Burkina Faso where long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are widely used. Methods We analysed data on both human and malaria vectors behaviours from 27 villages to measure hourly human exposure to vector bites in dry and rainy seasons using a mathematical model. We estimated the protective efficacy of LLINs and characterised where (indoors vs. outdoors) and when both LLIN users and non-users were exposed to vector bites. Results The percentage of the population who declared sleeping under a LLIN the previous night was very high regardless of the season, with an average LLIN use ranging from 92.43 to 99.89%. The use of LLIN provided > 80% protection against exposure to vector bites. The proportion of exposure for LLIN users was 29–57% after 05:00 and 0.05–12% before 20:00. More than 80% of exposure occurred indoors for LLIN users and the estimate reached 90% for children under 5 years old in the dry cold season. Conclusions LLINs are predicted to provide considerable protection against exposure to malaria vector bites in the rural area of Diébougou. Nevertheless, LLIN users are still exposed to vector bites which occurred mostly indoors in late morning. Therefore, complementary strategies targeting indoor biting vectors in combination with LLIN are expected to be the most efficient to control residual malaria transmission in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying and characterizing hourly human exposure to malaria vectors bites to address residual malaria transmission during dry and rainy seasons in rural Southwest Burkina Faso

et al. 2021

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“…Previous work demonstrated that the risk of being bitten by An. farauti , the dominant malaria vector, occurs early in the evening and pre-dominantly in the peri-domestic areas of house verandas and kitchens [ 39 ]. Hence, targeted IRS in these high risk structures could enhance malaria control in residual malaria foci [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting to zero: micro-foci of malaria in the Solomon Islands requires stratified control

Russell

Grignard

Apairamo³

et al. 2021

Malar J

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Background The Solomon Islands has made significant progress in the control of malaria through vector control, access and use of improved diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. As transmission is reduced there is a need to understand variations in transmission risk at the provincial and village levels to stratify control methods. Methods A cross-sectional survey of malaria in humans was conducted in the Solomon Islands during April 2018. Nineteen villages across 4 provinces were included. The presence of Plasmodium species parasites in blood samples was detected using PCR. Results Blood samples were analysed from 1,914 participants. The prevalence of DNA of Plasmodium falciparum was 1.2 % (n = 23) and for Plasmodium vivax was 1.5 % (n = 28). 22 % (n = 5/23) of P. falciparum DNA positive participants were febrile and 17 % of P. vivax DNA positive participants (n = 5/28). The prevalence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax was extremely spatially heterogeneous. For P. falciparum, in particular, only 2 small foci of transmission were identified among 19 villages. Plasmodium falciparum infections were uniformly distributed across age groups. Insecticide-treated bed net use the night prior to the survey was reported by 63 % of participants and significantly differed by province. Conclusions Malaria transmission across the Solomon Islands has become increasingly fragmented, affecting fewer villages and provinces. The majority of infections were afebrile suggesting the need for strong active case detection with radical cure with primaquine for P. vivax. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on passive and active case detection data could support the progress towards a more cost-effective and successful elimination programme.

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“…This study con rmed the locations of high malaria burden health zones in three of these provinces, de ning the residual malaria foci as small in size (e.g., individual villages), suggesting that strati ed control could target these foci effectively. Previous work demonstrated that the risk of being bitten by An farauti, the dominant malaria vector, occurs early in the evening and predominantly in the peri-domestic areas of house verandas and kitchens [37]. Hence, targeted IRS in these high risk structures could enhance malaria control in residual malaria foci [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting to Zero: Micro-Foci of Malaria In the Solomon Islands Requires Stratified Control

Russell

Grignard

Apairamo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The Solomon Islands has made significant progress in the control of malaria through vector control, access and use of improved diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. As transmission is reduced there is a need to understand variations in transmission risk at the provincial and village levels to stratify control methods. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of malaria in humans was conducted in the Solomon Islands during April 2018. Nineteen villages across 4 provinces were included. The presence of Plasmodium species parasites in blood samples was detected using PCR. Results: Blood samples were analysed from 1,914 participants. The prevalence of DNA of P. falciparum was 1.2% (n = 23) and for P. vivax was 1.5% (n = 28). Twenty-two percent (n = 5/23) of P. falciparum DNA positive participants were febrile and 17% of P. vivax DNA positive participants (n = 5/28). The prevalence of both P. falciparum and P. vivax was extremely spatially heterogeneous. For P. falciparium, in particular, only 2 small foci of transmission were identified among 19 villages. Plasmodium infections were uniformly distributed across age groups. Insecticide-treated bed net use the night prior to the survey was reported by 63% of participants and significantly differed by province. Conclusions: Malaria transmission across the Solomon Islands has become increasingly fragmented, affecting fewer villages and provinces. The majority of infections were afebrile suggesting the need for strong active case detection with the predominance of P. vivax requiring implementation of radical cure with primaquine. Village-level stratification of targeted interventions based on passive and active case detection data could support the progress towards a more cost-effective and successful elimination program.

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Protecting the peri-domestic environment: the challenge for eliminating residual malaria

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Quantifying and characterizing hourly human exposure to malaria vectors bites to address residual malaria transmission during dry and rainy seasons in rural Southwest Burkina Faso

Quantifying and characterizing hourly human exposure to malaria vectors bites to address residual malaria transmission during dry and rainy seasons in rural Southwest Burkina Faso

Getting to zero: micro-foci of malaria in the Solomon Islands requires stratified control

Getting to Zero: Micro-Foci of Malaria In the Solomon Islands Requires Stratified Control

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