Protecting Young People From Junk Food Advertising: Implications of Psychological Research for First Amendment Law

Harris, Jennifer L.; Graff, Samantha

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300328

Cited by 85 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Since the start of the NHLBI Growth and Health Study, the environmental factors that promote obesity have steadily increased [59]. These so-called obesogenic environments, characterized by examples such as increased food advertising, particularly to children [60,61], the proliferation of hyperpalatable, nutrient-poor foods [62], limited access to grocery stores [63], or decreased opportunities for physical activity [64], may have a greater impact in the obesity epidemic in 2012 than stress. Therefore, it is possible that if this study was conducted in 2012, our results may be attenuated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Psychological Stress and Racial Disparities in Body Mass Index Change Between Black and White Girls Aged 10–19

Tomiyama¹,

Puterman²,

Epel³

et al. 2012

ann. behav. med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Psychological Stress and Racial Disparities in Body Mass Index Change Between Black and White Girls Aged 10–19

Tomiyama¹,

Puterman²,

Epel³

et al. 2012

ann. behav. med.

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“…Food promotion is typically characterised by mouth-watering images of food, catchy music, humour, positive imagery and celebrity endorsements: content likely to promote positive, emotional associations, with both brands and products [89]. Contemporary social cognitive theories suggest that repeated exposure to this type of promotion can lead to changes in attitudes, beliefs and behaviours without a conscious, deliberate processing of the information presented [90][91][92].…”

Section: Experimental Studies Using Premium Offersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

et al. 2016

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The prevention of overweight in childhood is paramount to long term heart-health. Food marketing predominately promotes unhealthy products which if over-consumed will lead to overweight. International health expert calls for further restriction of children's exposure to food marketing remain relatively unheeded, with a lack of evidence showing a causal link between food marketing and children's dietary behaviours and obesity an oft cited reason for this policy inertia. This direct link is difficult to measure and quantify with a multiplicity of determinants contributing to dietary intake and the development of overweight. The Bradford Hill Criteria provide a credible framework by which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid. This paper draws upon current evidence that examines the relationship between food marketing, across a range of different media, and children's food behaviours, and appraises these studies against Bradford Hill's causality framework. IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely preventable, yet, globally, it contributes to the greatest burden of premature mortality [1]. Modifiable, diet-related CVD risk factors include overweight and obesity and high consumption of saturated and trans fatty acids, refined carbohydrates and sodium [2,3]. Establishing healthy dietary behaviours and maintaining a healthy weight in childhood is paramount for maximising heart-health [4], however within our current food environment, this has never been more challenging.

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“…The food industry inundates the public with a barrage of advertising to induce overconsumption. Examples include not only traditional advertising, but also food-company sponsorship of special events, product placement in film and TV shows, advergaming, and so on (Harris and Graff, 2012;Institute of Medicine, 2005;Zimmerman, 2011). The purpose of this advertising is to increase the salience of food products, which increases the frequency of consumption.…”

Section: Taste-engineering Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

Ortiz

Zimmerman

Adler

2016

Social Science & Medicine

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Support for policies to combat obesity is often undermined by a public sense that obesity is largely a matter of personal responsibility. Industry rhetoric is a major contributor to this perception, as the soda/fast food/big food companies emphasize choice and individual agency in their efforts to neutralize policies that are burdensome. Yet obesity experts recognize that environmental forces play a major role in obesity. We investigate whether exposure to a taste-engineering frame increases support for food and beverage policies that address obesity. A taste-engineering frame details strategies used by the food industry to engineer preferences and increase the over-consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages. We also examine the effects of exposure to two contextualized values that have recently been promoted in expert discourseeconsumer knowledge and consumer safety e on public support of policies. Our research shows how causal frames and contextualized values may effectively produce support for new obesity policies. Methods: We use an online survey experiment to test the effects of exposure to a taste-engineering frame (TEF), the value of consumer knowledge (CK), or the value of consumer safety (CS), on level of support for a range of policies. A random sample of adults, age 18 þ living in the United States was included in the study (N ¼ 2580). Ordered logistic regression was used to measure the effects of treatment exposure. The primary outcome was level-of-support for four (4) food-industry related, obesity prevention policies (aka food and beverage policies): 1) require food-manufacturers to disclose the amount of additives in food products on food packaging; 2) require food-manufacturers to advertise food products in accordance with their actual nutritional value; 3) prohibit all high-fat, high-sugar food advertising on television programming watched primarily by children; and 4) increase healthy food availability in work sites, schools, and hospitals. Findings: These data suggest that a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values significantly increase public support for many of the food and beverage policies tested. Conclusions: Applying a taste-engineering frame and/or contextualized values to address obesity advances a population-based policy agenda to counteract the effects of food-industry strategies.

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Protecting Young People From Junk Food Advertising: Implications of Psychological Research for First Amendment Law

Cited by 85 publications

References 56 publications

Chronic Psychological Stress and Racial Disparities in Body Mass Index Change Between Black and White Girls Aged 10–19

Chronic Psychological Stress and Racial Disparities in Body Mass Index Change Between Black and White Girls Aged 10–19

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

Increasing public support for food-industry related, obesity prevention policies: The role of a taste-engineering frame and contextualized values

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