Protection against the toxicity of microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in Artemia salina and Daphnia spp. by pre-treatment with cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Effects of microcystins-containing cyanobacteria from a temperate ecosystem on human lymphocytes culture and their potential for adverse human health effects

“…However the recent publication of biological activity of other ''non-toxic'' cyanobacterial cyclic peptides such as anabenopeptins or depsipeptides, which can interfere with the cytoskeleton of mammalian cells and act as cytostatic compounds, supports a wide range of bioactive compounds in cyanobacteria than the characterized toxins (Bubik et al, 2008;Sedmak et al, 2008). Moreover, several publications described the modulatory effects of cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the metabolism and toxicity of other compounds including microcystins (Best et al, 2003;Lindsay et al, 2006;Bernardová et al, 2008). Additionally, cyanobacteria can cumulate different chemicals: inorganic, organo-metallic and organic (Baptista and Vasconcelos, 2006).…”

Comparison of four methods for the extraction of lipopolysaccharide from cyanobacteria

“…Whilst most of the cellular pool of microcystin in intact Microcystis cells is internal, some immunogold labeling of microcystin is apparent in the cell wall layers, the site of LPS in situ (Shi, Carmichael, and Miller 1995;Young et al 2005). Interactions between LPS and microcystins influence toxicity outcomes in fish (Best et al 2002;Best, Eddy, and Codd 2003) and aquatic invertebrates (Lindsay, Metcalf, and Codd 2006), so when using LPS extracts from cyanobacteria producing microcystins this association needs to be addressed.…”

Potential Use of Chemoprotectants against the Toxic Effects of Cyanotoxins: A Review

“…In this review, Table 1 [31,32,33,35,36,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65] shows the various chemoprotectants found in the scientific literature that have been studied with this application, with an indication of the experimental model used (mainly in vivo models), doses or concentration of MCs or the cyanobacterial extract containing MCs which induced damage or intoxication, and the doses of chemoprotectant assayed with the most relevant effects observed against MCs. The majority of the studies have been carried out in mammals (mice), although recently more investigations have been performed on aquatic organisms.…”