Protection by Face Masks against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus on Trans-Pacific Passenger Aircraft, 2009

Zhang, Lijie; Peng, Zhibin; Ou, Jianming; Zeng, Guang; Fontaine, Robert E.; Liu, Mingbin; Cui, Fuqiang; Ren, Hong; Zhou, Hang; Yang, Huai; Chuang, Shuk-Kwan; Leung, Yiu-hong; Feng, Ye; Luo, Yuan; Shen, Tao; Zhu, Bao–Ping; Widdowson, Marc‐Alain; Yu, Hongjie

doi:10.3201/eid1909.121765

Cited by 43 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, wearing masks is not popular among passengers and research on the effectiveness is limited [61]. In a study on H1N1 transmission, wearing a face mask was considered protective for travelers traveling with an infected traveler [62]. Some suggest distributing free masks can promote their usage [61], however when not used in the appropriate way and duration, the effect of the mask is reduced.…”

Section: Hygiene Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Huizer

Swaan

Leitmeyer

et al. 2015

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Section: Hygiene Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Huizer

Swaan

Leitmeyer

et al. 2015

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…A flow diagram of the literature search and related screening process is shown in Figure 1. A total of 21 studies met our inclusion criteria [4, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], including 12 case-control studies, 6 cluster randomized trials, 2 retrospective studies, and 1 cohort study (Table 1)…”

Section: Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further interventional experiments should also pay attention to the delay between the onset of symptoms and the application of interventions, otherwise, the efficacy of non-drug interventions may be underestimated, or the statistical capacity to detect significant differences may be lacking. Research on enclosed spaces, such as transportation, is relatively rare [32]. Droplet-borne and airborne viruses are likely to cause large-scale infections among passengers sharing closed transportation [49].…”

Section: Further Improvements For Original Studies Are Needed In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liang

Gao

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Conflicting recommendations exist related to whether masks have a protective effect on the spread of respiratory viruses. Results:A total of 21 studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses suggest that mask use provided a significant protective effect (OR = 0.35 and 95% CI = 0.24-0.51). Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs) can reduce the risk of respiratory virus infection by 80% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.11-0.37) and 47% (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79). The protective effect of wearing masks in Asia (OR = 0.31) appeared to be higher than that of Western countries (OR = 0.45). Masks had a protective effect against influenza viruses (OR = 0.55), SARS (OR = 0.26), and SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.04). In the subgroups based on different study designs, protective effects of wearing mask were significant in cluster randomized trials, case-control studies and retrospective studies. Conclusions:This study adds additional evidence of the enhanced protective value of masks,

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“…Two studies evaluated hand hygiene as a mitigation strategy [Nicolaides et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2013]. In the study by Nicolaides et al…”

Section: Studies Evaluating Hand Hygiene As a Preventive Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hand hygiene and facemask use to prevent droplet transmitted viral diseases during air travel: a systematic literature review

Angelis

Lohmeyer

Grossi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Transmission of airborne viral diseases (e.g. influenza A H1N1) takes mainly place in confined spaces including public travel by aircrafts. Adoption of hygiene measures may help to prevent the disease spread in air travel. This review summarizes the evidence on hand hygiene and use of facemask as viral disease prevention measures in aircrafts.Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to 10 June 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. A PICOS (participants, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design) approach was used to define the review question.Results: We included four studies, published between 2007 and 2020, all targeting the influenza virus disease, in the qualitative synthesis. Three studies used mathematical models, and two of them single flight models. The fourth was a case-control designed study to tracing an influenza outbreak in two flights during the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic. Unlike the others, this study provided substantial evidence about the risk of not wearing a facemask in the airplane cabin during a flight from New York City to Hong Kong. Interestingly, none of 9 infected passengers compared to 15 (47%) of 32 healthy control passengers wore a mask (odds ratio, 0.0; 95% confidence interval, 0–0.7). In contrast, both case and control passengers appeared to be equally compliant in hand hygiene. Finally, we discussed the practicability of hygiene measures to control and prevent the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in confined air travel-related spaces.Conclusions: Facemask use combined with other hygiene measures may minimize the chance of droplet-transmitted virus (including SARS-CoV-2) spread by air travelers. However, more evidence is necessary before hygiene measures become an integral part of standard procedures in aircrafts.

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Protection by Face Masks against Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus on Trans-Pacific Passenger Aircraft, 2009

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Usefulness and applicability of infectious disease control measures in air travel: A review

Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hand hygiene and facemask use to prevent droplet transmitted viral diseases during air travel: a systematic literature review

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