Protection by silibinin against Amanita phalloides intoxication in beagles

Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease

“…[19][20][21][22][23] It may also have antifibrotic activity through an as yet unknown mechanism. 24 Silymarin extracts protect rats and mice from several forms of experimental liver injury, including Amanita phalloides poisoning, 25 galactosamine toxicity, and thioacetamine-induced liver failure. Maximal efficacy occurs with pretreatment of animals, but some effect is noted when silymarin is given after exposure.…”

Benzylpenicillin, acetylcysteine and silibinin as antidotes in human hepatocytes intoxicated with α-amanitin

“…Moreover, according to Enjalbert et al (2002) the most often currently used antidote -benzylpenicillin (BPCN) shows poor clinical efficacy. Experimental and clinical data of the silibinin (SIL) and acetylcysteine (ACC) efficacy as an antidotes for amanitin toxicity are ambiguous (Enjalbert et al, 2002;Ganzert et al, 2008;Magdalan et al, in press;Saller et al, 2008;Schneider et al, 1992;Vogel et al, 1984;Tong et al, 2007). However, some clinical reports indicated that SIL or ACC appear to be more effective in mushroom poisoning therapy than BPCN (Enjalbert et al, 2002).…”

Herbal products for liver diseases: A therapeutic challenge for the new millennium

“…37,38 Four of 12 dogs fed lyophilized Amanita toxin and given supportive care died from hepatic failure and coma within 35 to 54 hours, whereas all 11 dogs receiving high-dose silymarin survived. 39 In a retrospective analysis of 205 patients with Amanita intoxication, of whom 30 received treatment, the death rate of those given intravenous silymarin was reduced significantly (12.8% vs. 22.4%). 40 In recent in vitro studies, silymarin down-regulated the proinflammatory leukotriene B4 in Kupffer cells.…”

“…25,26 Its pharmacological profile is well defined, and studies in cell culture and animal models clearly show its hepatoprotective action with little or no toxicity. 26,27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Silymarin enhances the activity of hepatocyte RNA-polymerase I, 26 complexes toxic free iron, 33 protects the cell membrane from radical-induced damage, 34 and blocks the uptake of toxins such as Amanita phalloides toxin. 32,35 A potent scavenger, it prevents lipid peroxidation and normalizes the lipid profile of hepatocyte membranes.…”