“…520 Furthermore, modern analytical instruments such as FTIR, UV-vis, SEM-EDX, AFM, XPS, XRD, contact angle tests, and Raman spectroscopy are increasingly employed to investigate the structural and morphological changes on metal surfaces in the presence and absence of essential oils. 517,521 For instance, the morphological assessment of the anticorrosion performance of essential oils derived from Elettaria cardamomum (ECPE). 522 The study revealed that the addition of 250 ppm ECPE reduced the average surface roughness and the contact angle of MS from 316.73 (blank) to 297.8 nm (ECPE) and 124.9° (blank) to 74.0° (ECPE), respectively, indicating their efficacy.…”