Protection of chickens with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene

Use of SV40 to immunize against hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for the use of SV40 for gene transduction and its use as an immunizing agent

“…Most notably, vaccinia virus based-recombinant vaccines have been used against, for example, vesicular stomatitis, influenza, and rabies viruses. [12][13][14][15][16] Additional poxviral vectors have also been used for immunization, including fowlpox, [17][18][19] canarypox, 20 capripox 21 and pigeonpox. 22 In humans, canarypox-based vaccines expressing antigens from rabies virus 23 and HIV 24,25 have been shown to be safe and immunogenic and other canarypox virus-based vaccines are being assessed.…”

Development of an Effective Polyvalent Vaccine against both Marek's and Newcastle Diseases Based on Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Type 1 in Commercial Chickens with Maternal Antibodies

“…In the poultry industry, four recombinant viruses (rFPV [1,5,8,14,18,25,31,34,35,59], rHVT [13,17,28,41,44,53], adenovirus [51], and rMDV1 [45,47,49,54,62]) that express foreign antigens of other avian pathogens (including NDV [14, 17, 24, 28-30, 35, 47, 53, 58], MDV [31,33,42,44,69], infectious bursal disease virus [1,5,13,18,19,51,62], avian influenza virus [2,3,5,56,59,61,65,66], avian leukosis virus [34], and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus [8]) have been developed, and these viruses showed significant vaccine efficacy against a variety of avian diseases. Further, rHVT, rMDV1, and rFPV expressing NDV antigens have been constructed and used to FIG.…”

“…rMDV1 showed almost 100% protective efficacy against NDV and MDV1 challenge in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens lacking maternal antibodies from ND and MD by one-time inoculation, whereas the protective efficacy varied among experiments and decreased on average to 70% in chickens with maternal antibodies even though the challenge experiments were performed at a time when the maternal antibodies would not affect an evaluation of the protective efficacy. In the other systems using rHVT expressing NDV-F under the control of a strong promoter from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and several recombinant fowl poxviruses (rFPV) expressing the NDV-F or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene, a similar problem with the maternal antibodies was also reported (14,25,28,29,35,57,58). Although it is not known why the recombinant polyvalent vaccines are not completely effective against the avian diseases in the presence of maternal antibodies, it is conceivable that the strong expression of these foreign genes induces a strong host immune reaction against the recombinant vaccines, which results in inhibition of the growth of the recombinant viruses in chickens.…”

Non-replicating expression vectors: applications in vaccine development and gene therapy

“…[21]. In addition, fowlpox recombinants expressing the influenza virus HA and nucleocapsid proteins, the Marek's disease virus (MDV) gB glycoprotein or the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion or HA glycoproteins protected chickens against influenza, MDV and NDV, respectively [22][23][24][25]. In the above examples, the raccoonpox and fowlpox vectors were used in the natural host for these viruses.…”