Protection of Double-Circuit Line with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Using Principal Component Analysis

State‐of‐the‐art on the protection of FACTS compensated high‐voltage transmission lines: a review

“…The various approaches proposed especially in the last decade for detection/zone identification and classification of faults in TCSC/ UPFC compensated transmission lines are mainly based on advanced signal processing techniques and/or computational intelligence techniques. However, few fault detection and classification schemes are also proposed based on adaptive relaying [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and simple circuit theory approach [29][30][31][32]. The available fault detection and classification schemes for TCSC/ UPFC compensated lines can be categorised based on successive advancement as (i) algorithms based on adaptive relaying approach, (ii) algorithms based on circuit theory approach, (iii) algorithms based on advanced signal processing approach and (iv) algorithms based on computational intelligence approach with/ without advanced signal processing tools.…”

“…1, pp. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] This is an open access article published by the IET and CEPRI under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/) current measurements at both ends of the line. The algorithm operates in two steps.…”

“…Recently, a fault direction estimation algorithm is proposed in [28] for a TCSC compensated double‐circuit line using principal component analysis (PCA)‐based method. The scheme employs four features, namely angles between (i) positive‐sequence fault current and voltage, (ii) positive‐sequence fault and pre‐fault currents, (iii) positive‐sequence superimposed voltage and current and (iv) negative‐sequence current and voltage as input to the PCA where an orthogonal transformation is used to convert correlated variables into linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components.…”

Fault detection and faulty phase(s) identification in TCSC compensated transmission lines

“…Fault detection using a new adaptive protection scheme method based on data-mining models such as decision tree and random forests for compensated transmission lines has been introduced in [22]. Using principal component analysis of angles between positive and negative-sequence components of voltagecurrent for fault detection in a TCSC compensated line has been described in [23].…”