Protection of mice against tick-borne encephalitis by different classes of immunoglobulins

Hofmann, H; Frisch-Niggemeyer, W; Kunz, C

doi:10.1007/bf01641903

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thus, such prolonged viremia could result in a more pronounced infection of neuronal cells and subsequently in a more severe clinical presentation. This hypothesis is supported by previous studies of TBE patients ( 16 ) and experimentally infected laboratory animals ( 21 , 35 , 37 ), in which low concentrations of TBEV-specific antibodies and TBEV neutralizing antibodies in serum coincided with subsequent appearance of TBE and more severe disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, the exact mechanism by which TBEV accesses the brain is not known ( 13 , 19 , 20 ). Furthermore, some authors reported a correlation between a low concentration of neutralizing antibodies and more severe disease, suggesting that a delayed formation of neutralizing antibodies could be associated with high viremia ( 16 , 21 ). However, no information is available on the level of viremia in patients with TBE and its effect on disease severity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virus RNA Load in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Slovenia

Saksida¹,

Jakopin²,

Jelovšek³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We determined levels of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus (TBEV) RNA in serum samples obtained from 80 patients during the initial phase of TBE in Slovenia. For most samples, levels were within the range of 3–6 log10 copies RNA/mL. Levels were higher in female patients than in male patients, but we found no association between virus load and several laboratory and clinical parameters, including severity of TBE. However, a weak humoral immune response was associated with a more severe disease course, suggesting that inefficient clearance of virus results in a more serious illness. To determine whether a certain genetic lineage of TBEV had a higher virulence potential, we obtained 56 partial envelope protein gene sequences by directly sequencing reverse transcription PCR products from clinical samples of patients. This method provided a large set of patient-derived TBEV sequences. We observed no association between phylogenetic clades and virus load or disease severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus RNA Load in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Slovenia

Saksida¹,

Jakopin²,

Jelovšek³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus highly pathogenic for humans, is endemic in several European countries, Russia, and China. Transfer of monoclonal antibodies specific for TBEV E (13,25,26) or of E-specific antisera as well as of polyclonal immunoglobulin preparations with the same specificities (14,16,21) into mice resulted in protection of experimental animals from subsequent TBEV challenge, and in vivo protection by antivirion antibodies correlated with in vitro neutralization (13,25,26). In a recent study (21), we confirmed the protection of mice against a lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.)…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Neutralizing Antibodies Protect against Lethal Flavivirus Challenge but Allow for the Development of Active Humoral Immunity to a Nonstructural Virus Protein

Kreil

Maier

Fraiss

et al. 1998

J Virol

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Antibody-mediated neutralization of viruses has been extensively studied in vitro, but the precise mechanisms that account for antibody-mediated protection against viral infection in vivo still remain largely uncharacterized. The two points under discussion are antibodies conferring sterilizing immunity by neutralizing the virus inoculum or protection against the development of disease without complete inhibition of virus replication. For tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus, transfer of neutralizing antibodies specific for envelope glycoprotein E protected mice from subsequent TBEV challenge. Nevertheless, short-term, low-level virus replication was detected in these mice. Furthermore, mice that were exposed to replicating but not to inactivated virus while passively protected developed active immunity to TBEV rechallenge. Despite the priming of TBEV-specific cytotoxic T cells, adoptive transfer of serum but not of T cells conferred immunity upon naive recipient mice. These transferred sera were not neutralizing and were predominantly specific for NS1, a nonstructural TBEV protein which is expressed in and on infected cells and which is also secreted from these cells. Results of these experiments showed that despite passive protection by neutralizing antibodies, limited virus replication occurs, indicating protection from disease rather than sterilizing immunity. The protective immunity induced by replicating virus is surprisingly not T-cell mediated but is due to antibodies against a nonstructural virus protein absent from the virion.

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“…Delayed or insufficient production of nt-ab could contribute to a more severe clinical course and higher viremia [1,5].…”

Section: Jon 1329mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two severe cases of tick-borne encephalitis despite complete active vaccination?the significance of neutralizing antibodies

Bender

Jäger

Scheuerer

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurology

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Protection of mice against tick-borne encephalitis by different classes of immunoglobulins

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Virus RNA Load in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Slovenia

Virus RNA Load in Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Slovenia

Neutralizing Antibodies Protect against Lethal Flavivirus Challenge but Allow for the Development of Active Humoral Immunity to a Nonstructural Virus Protein

Two severe cases of tick-borne encephalitis despite complete active vaccination?the significance of neutralizing antibodies

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