Protection of Plants Against Airborne Oxidants: Cucumber Seedlings at Extreme Ozone Levels

Siegel, S. M.

doi:10.1104/pp.37.3.261

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast, Siegel (1962) reported that ascorbic acid failed to provide any appreciable protection to cucumber plants after O 3 exposure. Ozoban, an isomer of ascorbic acid reduced the photosynthetic rate in a low-O 3 environment, but was harmful to chloroplastic plant pigments that were exposed to elevated levels of O 3 (Kuehler and Flagler 1999).…”

Section: The Chemistry Of O 3 Formation and Its Uptake And Fate In Pmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of Ethylene Diurea-Induced Protection in Plants Against Ozone Phytotoxicity

Singh

Agrawal

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 233

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Urbanization, industrialization and unsustainable utilization of natural resources have made tropospheric ozone (03) one of the world's most significant air pollutants. Past studies reveal that 0 3 is a phytotoxic air pollutant that causes or enhances food insecurity across the globe. Plant sensitivity, tolerance and resistance to 0 3 involve a wide array of responses that range from growth to the physiological, biochemical and molecular. Although plants have an array of defense systems to combat oxidative stress from 0 3 exposure, they still suffer sizable yield reductions. In recent years, the ground-level 0 3 concentrations to which crop plants have been exposed have caused yield loses that are economically damaging. Several types of chemicals have been applied or used to mitigate the effects produced by 0 3 on plants. These include agrochemicals (fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators), natural antioxidants, and others. Such treatments have been effective to one degree to another, in ameliorating Or generated stress in plants. Ethylene diurea (EDU) has been the most effective protectant used and has also served as a monitoring agent for assessing plant yield losses from 0 3 exposure. In this review, we summarize the data on how EDU has been used, the treatment methods tested, and application doses found to be both protective and toxic in plants. We have also summarized data that address the nature and modes of action (biophysical and biochemical) of EDU. In general, the literature discloses that EDU is effective in reducing ozone damage to plants, and indicates that EDU should be more widely used on 0 3 sensitive plants as a tool for biomonitoring of 0 3 concentrations. Biomonitoring studies that utilize EDU are very useful for rural and remote areas and in developing countries where 0 3 monitoring is constrained from unavailability of electricity. The mechanism(s) by which EDU prevents 0 3 toxicity in plants is still not completely known. EDU possesses great utility for screening plant sensitivity under field conditions in areas that experience high 0 3 concentrations, because EDU prevents 0 3 toxicity only in 0 3 sensitive plants. Ozone-resistant plants do not respond positively to EDU applications. However, EDU application dose and frequency must be standardized before it can be effectively and widely used for screening 0 3 sensitivity in plants. EDU acts primarily by enhancing biochemical plant defense and delaying Or induced senescence, thereby reducing chlorophyll loss, and maintaining physiological efficiency and primary metabolites; these actions enhance growth, biomass and yield of plants. We believe that future studies are needed to better address the EDU dose response relationship for many plant species, and to screen for new cultivars that can resist 0 3 stress. Although some research on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action of EDU have been performed, the new 'omics' tools have not been utilized to evaluate EDUs mechanism of action. Such data are needed, as is gene exp...

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Section: The Chemistry Of O 3 Formation and Its Uptake And Fate In Pmentioning

confidence: 84%

Assessment of Ethylene Diurea-Induced Protection in Plants Against Ozone Phytotoxicity

Singh

Agrawal

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 233

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“…Exogenous ascorbic acid and its salts (at a concentration of 0.02-12.5 9 10 -3 mol/l) were shown to reduce acute ozone injury symptoms, such as foliar necrosis, biomass reduction, membrane damage, and alteration of mitochondrial respiration in sensitive plants exposed to elevated concentrations of ozone. However, Siegel (1962) showed that immersion of intact cucumber seedlings (''Marketer'' variety) into a solution of ascorbic acid, at a concentration of 10 -2 mol/l, for 5 h prior to ozone exposure (125-290 ml/l for 30 min) limited, to some extent, visible foliar injuries; but, it was ineffective in providing appreciable protection against the growth-inhibiting effects of these high ozone doses. Also reported in this study, was that an inefficiency of ascorbic acid could be due to high ozone concentration, which was about 10,000-fold greater than the one observed, even in the most polluted industrial regions.…”

Section: Ascorbic Acid and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Siegel (1962) showed that application of auxin at a concentration of 2.5 9 10 -3 mol/l to roots of cucumber seedlings (''Marketer'' cv.) 12 h prior to exposure to elevated ozone concentrations (125-290 ml/l for 30 min) raised markedly their resistance to this stress factor (see Table 1).…”

Section: Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural antioxidants of plant origin against ozone damage of sensitive crops

Didyk

Blum

2010

Acta Physiol Plant

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The increasing concentrations of ambient ozone observed during recent decades in many industrial and rural regions of the world present hazard for vegetation and human health. The problem of protection of sensitive vegetation from ozone damage could be ameliorated by replacement of sensitive biotypes with more tolerant ones as well as by application of chemical protectants. However, application of synthetic protectants will pollute the environment and agricultural production and may also have dose-dependent toxicity to vegetation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative, environmentally antiozonants, for example, compounds based on natural plant antioxidants. In this article the literature has been reviewed in search of works relating to the potential of natural plant antioxidants that might serve to protect sensitive vegetation from ozone damage. The following groups of antioxidants have been discussed: (i) ascorbic acid and its derivatives, (ii) phytohormones, (iii) flavonoids, and (iv) polyamines. The physiological aspects of their protective effect on ozone-sensitive crops have been considered. Possible phytotoxicity resulting from their application in the field has been discussed. The issues needing further studies have been outlined.

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“…Freebairn & Taylor (27) found that vitamin C and ascorbic acid sprays reduced injury somewhat. Several investigators (77,81,86,92) have used a number of anti-oxidants with varying success. Jones (44) investigated particulate materials that react with or destroy ozone, but found no practical means of application.…”

Section: Concentration-timementioning

confidence: 99%