Protection of rabbits against cutaneous papillomavirus infection using recombinant tobacco mosaic virus containing L2 capsid epitopes

Plant-based vaccines against viruses

“…Evidence of high-yield expression of H5 haemagglutinin-derived VLPs via transient expression [44] 10 million vaccine dose "rapid fire" milestone by Medicago Inc. in DARPA Blue Angel programme [50] Human clinical trial of plant-made H5N1 vaccine candidate [47] HA-only VLPs produced for H7N9 outbreak virus [54] Phase 1 trials of H1N1pdm and HPAI H5N1 HA-derived plant-made products [48] Testing of plant-made engineered soluble trimeric HA (H1N1pdm) in mice [58] Adjuvanting of monomeric H1N1pdm HA with SiO 2 and bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) [59] Emergency response influenza vaccine candidates made in South Africa [43] Conjugation of plant-made HA to TMV particles and successful testing in mice [60] Elicitation of neutralising Ab with elastin-like polypeptide fused with stabilised soluble trimer-forming H5N1 HA [61] Presentation of M2e epitope on surface of rTMV virions elicits protective immunity to homologous and heterologous challenge in mice [64] Papillomaviruses Proof of efficacy of a plant-made Cottontail rabbit and Rabbit oral papillomavirus vaccines [74,75] High yields of HPV-16 L1 and VLPs via agroinfiltration-mediated transient expression or via transplastomic expression [76,77] Transplastomic expression of capsomere-forming HPV-16 L1 fused with Escherichia coli LTB as a built-in adjuvant [78] Successful expression of HPV-8 and Bovine papillomavirus L1 VLPs in plants [79,80] Co-expression of HPV-16 L1 with E coli LTB and oral immunisation elicits increased intestinal mucosal IgA responses to L1 [90] High-yield plant transient expression of chimaeric L1::L2 VLPs and proof of increased breadth of immune response [91] rPVX CP fusion with L2 108-120 epitope yields well and elicits high-titre anti-L2 protein sera in mice [97] Plant production, scale-up and protective efficacy in mouse model of therapeutic E7GGG-LicKM fusion protein vaccine [85][86][87] Plant expressed HPV-16 L1 with C-terminal string of E6 and E7 T-cell epitopes is viable prophylactic/therapeutic vaccine candidate [98] Production and proof of efficacy in mice of soluble E7GGG therapeutic vaccine in transplastomic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [100] Proof of yield increase and eff...…”

“…Briefly, the important early landmarks in farming of prophylactic papillomavirus vaccines are the proof that transgenically-expressed HPV-16 or HPV-11 L1 can assemble into immunogenic VLPS, albeit at low yield [70][71][72][73]; proofs of efficacy of a plant-made Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) L1-based vaccine [74] and Rabbit oral papillomavirus or CRPV L2 peptides surface-displayed on rTMV vaccines [75]; very high yields of HPV-16 L1 and VLPs via agroinfiltration-mediated transient expression [76] or via transplastomic (chloroplast) expression [77]. An interesting approach was shown in a study that used transplastomic plants to express a HPV-16 L1 mutated so as to form only pentameric capsomers rather than particles, fused to the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB) as a built-in adjuvant [78].…”

Plant Production of Vaccine Against HPV: A New Perspectives

“…CP: Coat protein; CTL: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; HPV: Human papillomavirus; ND: No data; PVA: Potato virus A; PVX: Potato virus X; SAP-KQ: Mutagenized type I ribosome inhibiting proteins from Saponaria officinalis; VLP: Virus-like particle. (Giorgi et al, 2010) The important proof of the L2 plant-produced nonhuman papillomavirus vaccine efficiency was published in connection with the purified rTMV particles displaying cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) or rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV) L2 protein peptides on their surface (Palmer et al, 2006). This pseudovirion system was also used to express entire native L1 gene of CRPV.…”

Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases - From Bench to Bedside - A Clinical Perspective

“…Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases -From Bench to Bedside -A Clinical Perspective 164 surface (Palmer et al, 2006). This pseudovirion system was also used to express entire native L1 gene of CRPV.…”