Protection of Steel Reinforcement for Concrete- A Review

Kumar, Vinod

doi:10.1515/corrrev.1998.16.4.317

Cited by 72 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The formation of -FeOOH at pH = 14 has been demonstrated before using Raman spectroscopy [27]. Peak IVa at -0.30 V MOE has been suggested to comprise the conversion of Fe(OH) 2 to an Fe(III) hydroxide or oxyhydroxide different from those formed at IIIa, such as Fe(OH) 3 or -FeOOH [28]. In PSS, at potentials positive to that of peak IVa, the positive end of the potential sweep may be extended up to 0.6 V MOE without any further current increment.…”

Section: Page 8 Of 43mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Peak IIIa at -0.6 V MOE could be attributed to the formation of Fe(OH) 3 and/or -or -FeOOH by oxidation of Fe(II) compounds formed at IIa, such as Fe 3 O 4 . This process takes place at the film solution interface, leading to the generation of cation vacancies [28].…”

Section: Page 8 Of 43mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the behavior of carbon steel corrosion has been studied comprehensively [2][3][4], uncertainties related to film formation and deterioration mechanisms still persist. As the literature shows, surface film formation and degradation vary considerably with the composition of the electrolyte (pH, additives, oxygen content, aggressive anions and others), temperature and surface pretreatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Yohai¹,

Vázquez²,

Valcarce³

2013

Electrochimica Acta

142

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Please cite this article as: L. Yohai, M. Vázquez, M.B. Valcarce, Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments, Electrochimica Acta (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2013.03.180 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Micro Raman spectra clearly show the incorporation of phosphates to the passive film.Impedance spectroscopy results can be interpreted assuming a duplex surface film formed in the presence of phosphates. In the conditions of this investigation, phosphate ions behave as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, protecting steel against corrosion in chloride-contaminated environments.

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Section: Page 8 Of 43mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Page 8 Of 43mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Yohai¹,

Vázquez²,

Valcarce³

2013

Electrochimica Acta

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among many strategies and concepts improving the concrete performance and smartness, the idea using additives to reinforce cement paste as well as to tailor its physical, mechanical and transport properties has been widely explored and investigated [1][2][3][4]. The primary rationales underneath this reinforcement strategy are (1) to utilize the unique properties of the selected additives and (2) to minimize the deleterious influences of the pre-existing flaws and microcracks in concrete, which are an inherent byproduct of cement hydration and usually range from nano-scale to mesoscale in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro- and macro-properties of cementitious materials

Tong

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

237

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“…26,53,54 It has been reported that the composition of the passive film of reinforcing steel is mainly composed of ferric compounds. [55][56][57][58] From the deconvoluted XPS spectra of Fe shown in Figures 9C and 9D, we obtained the atomic percentage of Fe 3+ (at about 710 eV) in total Fe for the solution with the mixed inhibitor was 54.4% by estimating the component peak areas ( Figure 9C), which was higher than that (about 49.9%) without inhibitors ( Figure 9D). This result indicated that the mixed inhibitor could promote the formation of a complete protective film on the steel surface.…”

Section: Xps Analysis-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Sodium Tungstate and Hexamethylene Tetramine on Reinforcing Steel Corrosion

Gao

Zuo

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4 ) and hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) are both eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In this work, their synergistic corrosion inhibition effects on reinforcing steel in the simulated polluted concrete pore solution containing Cl − were studied by electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic anodic polarization curve measurements. The morphologies and compositions of the steel surface were characterized by Electron Micro-Probe Analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the serious steel corrosion took place in the solution with pH 11.00 and 0.5 M NaCl. However, a stable passive region occurred in the anodic polarization curve of the steel and its corrosion current density decreased dramatically after addition of a mixed inhibitor with 0.01 M Na 2 WO 4 and 0.01 M HMTA to the solution. The inhibition efficiency of the mixed inhibitor reached 97.1%. The surface analyses revealed that a protective composite film was formed on the steel in the solution with the mixed inhibitor, which indicated that the mixed inhibitor had a synergistic inhibition effect on the steel corrosion. Our study also indicated that the mixed inhibitor could effectively control corrosion of the reinforcing steel in cement mortar.Reinforcing steel in concrete is normally protected from corrosion by the passive film formed on its surface under high alkaline conditions of concrete. However, the passivity of the reinforcing steel may be destroyed and corrosion take place while aggressive species from the environment such as Cl − , CO 2 , SO 2 , etc., reach the steel-concrete interface through the porous concrete. 1-4 The damage of reinforced concrete structures and economic losses caused by reinforcing steel corrosion are still serious problems. Hence, many techniques have been developed to protect reinforcing steel from corrosion. The application of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most practical methods to control the corrosion of reinforcing steel. 5-7 In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors and natural products such as plant extracts, amino acids, some inorganic salts, proteins and bio-polymers. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Tungstate has been extensively studied in the protection of iron as an environmental-friendly anodic type inorganic corrosion inhibitor, 20-27 and is one of the most effective corrosion inhibitor. However, tungstate is not feasible to be used alone for corrosion protection of carbon steel due to its low oxidizing ability, high cost and low efficiency at a low concentration. Therefore, many co-inhibitors are used, such as polyaspartic acid, 28-30 metaborates and metaphosphates, 22,24,31 sodium silicate, 27 sodium tartrate, 32 phosphates and zinc salts. 26 The compounds of tungstate synergistically in combination with small molecule compounds (such as amine) for the protection of steel are supposed to be good corrosion inhibi...

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Protection of Steel Reinforcement for Concrete- A Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 55 publications

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments

Investigation of the effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the micro- and macro-properties of cementitious materials

Synergistic Inhibition Effect of Sodium Tungstate and Hexamethylene Tetramine on Reinforcing Steel Corrosion

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