Protection of sunflower seed and sunflower meal protein with malic acid and heat: effects on <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation and methane production

Vanegas, Jorge Leonardo; Carro, M. D.; Alvir, M. R.; González, Javier

doi:10.1002/jsfa.7743

Cited by 12 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Bags were then extracted with boiling neutral detergent solution (Van Soest, Robertson, & Lewis, ) for 1 hr using an Ankom 220 Fibre Analyser unit (Ankom Technology Corp), dried at 60ºC for 48 hr and weighed to calculate the NDFD. Finally, potential in vitro DM degradability (DMD 120 ) was determined as described before with the exception that incubation lasted for 120 hr (Vanegas, Carro, Alvir, & González, ). After 120 hr, bags were washed with cold water, dried at 60ºC for 48 hr and weighed to calculate the DMD 120 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake

Marcos

Evan

García-Rebollar

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Olive oil extraction generates olive cake (OC) that could be used in ruminant feeding. However, the chemical composition of OC is affected by multiple factors, being therefore highly variable. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of storage time and further processing: crude, exhausted (subjected to a second oil extraction) and cyclone (obtained from a cyclone separator) on nutritive value of OC samples. Twelve samples (six crude and six exhausted) were obtained monthly from the same pond from 1 to 6 storage months, and nine samples (three crude, three exhausted and three cyclone) were obtained monthly from a different pond from 6 to 9 months storage. Chemical composition was analysed, and OC samples were fermented in vitro with sheep rumen fluid. Increasing storage time up to 6 months decreased sugars and total soluble polyphenols content but increased fibre content in OC. Dry matter effective degradability (DMED) decreased linearly (p < 0.001) by 35.9 and 45.5% as storage time augmented from 1 to 6 months for crude and exhausted OC, respectively. Crude OC had lower DMED values than exhausted OC (averaged values 0.255 and 0.294 g/g, respectively). Both potential production and rate of gas production were lower (p ≤ 0.018) in crude compared with exhausted OC, which was attributed to the high fat content of crude OC (≥86 g/kg dry matter). For samples stored longer than 6 months, cyclone had greater (p < 0.05) DMED than crude and exhausted OC (averaged values 0.207, 0.164 and 0.164 g/g, respectively). The results indicate that ruminal degradability of OC is reduced with advancing storage time, but only subtle changes were observed during the first two months. Cyclone showed greater degradability than crude and exhausted OC, but differences between crude and exhausted OC became negligible after five storage months.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake

Marcos

Evan

García-Rebollar

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Sunflower protein is rich in sulfur-containing amino acids and thyptophan and low in lysine [2], and therefore its amino acid profile balances well with legume protein, but is about 80% rumen-degradable [1]. Several treatments for protein protection against ruminal degradation have been assessed, but a combined malic acid and heat treatment (MAH) has proven to reduce sunflower protein degradation [3,4]. The in situ degradability of MAH-treated SS and SM was measured in a previous study [5], and the MAH treatment of both feeds increased the rumen-undegradable protein by 19.1% and 120% for SS and SM, respectively, and the rumen-undegradable fat of SS by 34%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Malic Acid–Heat (MAH) Treated Sunflower on Carcass Characteristics, Meat Composition and Fatty Acids Profile in Growing Lambs

Haro

Evan

Vázquez

et al. 2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: One of the main objectives of animal nutrition is to optimize the production of the animals in order to obtain good-quality products, but decreasing the environmental pollution caused by livestock production has also become a priority in the last years. Compared to other farm animals, ruminants have low N utilization efficiency that is mainly due to the inefficient use of nitrogen (N) in the rumen and a large portion of the ingested N is excreted causing environmental problems such as water and soil eutrophication. In this study we analyzed the influence of feeding sunflower seeds (SS) and meal (SM) subjected to a combined malic acid-heat treatment (MAH) on carcass characteristics and meat composition and fatty acid profile of growing lambs. The MAH treatment was applied to reduce ruminal degradation of SS and SM protein and therefore N losses. Compared to control-fed lambs, animals fed the treated SS and SM had increased dorsal fat thickness and yellowness and chromaticity of the Rectus abdominis muscle, which might be beneficial for consumers' acceptance as they associate a bright meat color with meat freshness and quality. However, there were no differences between groups in meat chemical composition and fatty acid profile. Abstract:The objective of the study was to assess the effects of feeding sunflower meal (SM) and seeds (SS) protected against rumen degradation on carcass characteristics and composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb meat. The protection of SM and SS was achieved by treating both feeds with malic acid at 150 • C for 2 h (MAH treatment) and in a previous study this treatment was shown to decrease ruminal degradability of protein of both feeds and fat degradability of SS. Two homogeneous groups of 12 lambs each were fed ad libitum high-cereal concentrates and cereal straw from 14 to 26 kg of body weight. The two concentrates differed only in the treatment SM and SS, which were included either untreated (control) or MAH treated. The MAH-fed lambs had greater thickness of dorsal fat (p = 0.016) and greater (p ≤ 0.016) values of the color parameters a* (redness) and C* (chromaticity) of the Rectus abdominis muscle. However, there were no differences in carcass measurements and in water-holding capacity, chemical composition, pH, color, or fatty acid of Longissimus muscle. In summary, the MAH treatment resulted in only subtle changes in meat composition and quality.

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“…The slight decreases observed in crude protein, NDF, ADF and ADL content in the MAH samples compared with those in the UNT samples were attributed to a dilution effect by the addition of malic acid in the protective treatment (Vanegas et al, 2016). The MAH treatment did not increase the concentration of acid detergent insoluble N in any feed, which would indicate that no protein damage was produced (Goering et al, 1972;Pereira et al, 1998).…”

Section: Influence Of Malic Acid-heat Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Samples each substrate (500 g) were weighed and pulverized with a solution of 1 M malic acid at a rate of 400 ml per kg of feed, left at room temperature for 1 h and subsequently dried at 150ºC for 1, as described by Vanegas et al (2016). The chemical composition of the untreated (UNT) and malic acid-heat treated (MAH) samples is shown in Table 16.…”

Section: Feeds Animals and Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study demonstrated the efficacy of a combined treatment with malic acid and heat to reduce the protein degradation of sunflower seed (SS) and sunflower meal (SM) and to improve the in vitro fermentation by lowering CH4 emissions and increasing propionate production without affecting total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (Vanegas et al, 2016). However, it is unknown whether the effects were due to the protective effect of the combined malic acid-heat treatment, to malic acid fermentation itself, or even to a combination of both factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruminal degradation of protein : implications for polluting emissions

Ruiz¹,

Leonardo²

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Protection of sunflower seed and sunflower meal protein with malic acid and heat: effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production

Abstract: The MAL1 treatment was effective in reducing both ammonia-N concentrations and methane emissions without depressing SS and SM fermentation, but more research is needed to formulate environmentally cleaner diets for ruminants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake

Influence of storage time and processing on chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of olive cake

Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Malic Acid–Heat (MAH) Treated Sunflower on Carcass Characteristics, Meat Composition and Fatty Acids Profile in Growing Lambs

Ruminal degradation of protein : implications for polluting emissions

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